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Anatomy > GS and CQ - Exam 2 > Flashcards

GS and CQ - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

All muscles on anterior aspect of forearm are innervated by median n. except

A

flexor carpi ulnaris & 2 tendons on ulnar side of flexor digitorium profundus which are innervated by ulnar n.

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2
Q

(C.P.) an ulnar (medial) collateral ligament injury in a sprain may lead to?

A

abnormal abduction of the forearm

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3
Q

(C.P.) a radial (lateral) collateral ligament injury in a sprain may lead to?

A

abnormal adduction of the forearm

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4
Q

(C.P.) Colle’s fracture

A

falling on the hand with the arm extended. The radius is fractured with posterior displacement, giving a dinner fork shape to the forearm. May have injury to median and ulnar n.

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5
Q

(C.P.) Fractures of the carpal bones

A

70% scaphoid fractures
10% all hand fractures
14% triquetral fractures (2nd most common)

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6
Q

(C.P.) Carpal tunnel syndrome is a pathologic condition of the anterior region of the wrist caused by?

A

Compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel.

Most common cause is repetitive movement of the wrist

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7
Q

(C.P.) radial n. injury

A

wrist drop

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8
Q

(C.P.) median n. injury

A

ape hand

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9
Q

(C.P.) ulanr n. injury

A

claw hand

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10
Q

(C.P.) large hematomas may develop in the scalp following head injuries due to?

A

a loose subaponeurotic layer, and inections reaching this layer may spread widely to the dura by means of emissary veins

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11
Q

(C.P.) mandibular nerve block can be achieved by?

A

injection of local anesthesia around the mandibular nerve in the infratemporal fossa

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12
Q

(C.P.) coniotomy involves puncturing the cricothyroid ligament to?

A

allow air through the airways artificially, when there is an obstruction of the glottis or glottal edema

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13
Q

(C.P.) cleft palate occurs when?

A

the lateral palantine processes, the nasal septum, and/or the median palatine process fail to fuse, and there are a number of possible causes.
Posterior cleft is more common than anterior cleft

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14
Q

(C.P.) macroglassia

A

enlargement of the tongue, often seen in hypothyroidism, amyloidosis, and cretinism

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15
Q

(C.P.) Dupuytren’s contracture

A

Progressive fibrosis; the thickening and shortening of the palmar aponeurosis that leads to the partial flexion of the ring and small finger

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16
Q

(C.P.) Coniotomy

A

Puncturing the cricothyroid ligament to allow air through the airways artificially, when there is an obstruction of the glottis or glottal edema

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17
Q

(C.P.) Tracheotomy

A

A procedure used to create an adequate airway in patients with an upper respiratory tract obstruction or respiratory failure.
Emergency tracheotomy might be necessary when the laryngeal opening (rima glottidis)

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18
Q

(C.P.) Sprain

A

Stretching or tearing of the ligaments that reinforce a joint. Sprains can be very painful, and the complete rupture of the ligaments requires surgical repair or removal

*(Sprain to ligament as strain to muscle)

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19
Q

(C.P.) Dislocation (luxation)

A

Bones of the joint are forced out of alignment

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20
Q

(C.P.) Subluxation

A

The partial or incomplete dislocation of the joint

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21
Q

(C.P.) Bursitis and tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the bursa or tendon

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22
Q

(C.P.) Housemaid’s knee

A

Patellar bursitis

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23
Q

(C.P.) Student’s elbow or olecranon bursitis

A

The development of a bursa on the posterior aspect of the elbow

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24
Q

(C.P.) Arthritis

A

Inflammation or degeneration of the joints accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness

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25
Q

(C.P.) Rheumatoid arthritis

A

An autoimmune disease resulting in severe inflammation of the joints

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26
Q

(C.P.) Ankylosing spondylitis

A

A kind of rheumatoid arthritis, seen mainly in males, that affects the sacroilliac joints and vertebrea

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27
Q

(C.P.) Osteoarthritis

A

A degenerative condition involving articular cartilages, primarily in the weight-bearing joints

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28
Q

(C.P.) Lyme disease

A

Arthritis caused by bacteria transmitted via tick bites

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29
Q

If long thoracic nerve is damaged then it may cause winged scapula

A

if the arm can not be lifted then serratus anterior may be damaged
if arm can be lifted then it may be rhomboid muscle

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30
Q

short head and long head of biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis

A

I: Musculocutaneous N.

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31
Q

Knee jerk/patella reflex

A

L3/L4

hitting the patella tendon makes leg jump

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32
Q

Biceps jerk

A

C5/C6

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33
Q

Triceps jerk

A

C7/C8

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34
Q

Triceps brachii is strongest

A

extensor of elbow

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35
Q

all muscles of the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm are

A

extensors

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36
Q

all the muscles of the anterior aspect of the forearm(palm up) are innervated by the MEDIAN nerve EXCEPT

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and 2 tendons on ulnar side of the flexor digitorum profundus that are innervated by the ULNAR nerve

37
Q

MEDIAN nerve injury leads to papal benediction sign and ape hand

A

papal benediction sign keeps ring and pinky finger flexed

38
Q

Thenar eminence

A

hypothenar eminence
mostly by the medial nerve
“Ape hand”
the Thenar eminence becomes flat and atrophies

39
Q

what is the common head? Medial and lateral epicondyle

A

The medial epicondyle of the humerus is the common head for the flexors in forearm

The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is the common head for the extensors in forearm
40
Q

Medial epicondylitis

golfers elbow

A

inflammation of the elbow from one way motion

41
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

tennis elbow

A

inflammation of the elbow from forward and backward motions

42
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

I: Median and Ulnar n.

palpal benediction sign keeps middle and pointer finger paralyzed by ring and punky can flex

43
Q

Ape hand

A

median nerve paralyzed causing the thenar area to become stagnant

44
Q

Guyon’s canal

A

transmits ulnar artery, vein, and nerve

between the two layers of flexor rentinaculum not in the carpal tunnel

45
Q

Superficial radial nerve

A

goes to skin of thumb side of hand

dorsal side

46
Q

Deep radial nerve

A

innervates most of muscles on dorsal of forearm

47
Q

Brachioradialis

A

I: radial nerve before branching to deep/superficial

48
Q

Extensor capri radialis brevis

A

I: deep radial n

49
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

I: radial n before branching

50
Q

Close to elbow the radial nerve divides

A

superficial and deep

51
Q

Ulnar nerve injury leads to flexion of fingers

A

extension at metacarpal joints
flexion at interfalangial joints
CLAW HAND – due to interosseous unique extensor/flexor functionality

52
Q

Interosseous muscles

A

I: ulnar n.

A: abduction and adduction of digits

53
Q

Mid shaft injury may still have extension of elbow

A

if above mid shaft then extension of elbow may be compromised as well
Wrist drop in both scenarios
Radial nerve injury

54
Q

Saturday night palsy

A

injury to radial nerve

looks like wrist drop but temporary from compression on radial nerve(someone sleeping on upper arm over night)

55
Q

Honeymoon palsy

A

radial nerve injury from compression like Saturday night palsy but longer term

56
Q

Thenar Innervation

A

Median N.

57
Q

Adductor pollicis brevis

A

I: Ulnar N.

58
Q

Opposition

A

pinky and thumb touch

59
Q

Reposition

A

pinky and thumb not touching

60
Q

Flexion

A

thumb to mid palm

61
Q

Adduction

A

Thumb to index finger

62
Q

Abduction

A

thumb away from index finger

63
Q

Extension

A

thumb away from mid palm

64
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

abduction

65
Q

For hand: 7 and 3

A

each finger has 2 nerve on back and front of finger
in palm of hand
70% by median n
30% by ulnar n

on back of hand
70% by
30% by ulnar
66
Q

Claw hand

A

C8-T1

67
Q

Tips of fingers innervated by

A

median nerve

68
Q

Palpal benediction sign

A

not seen injury is low in forearm

69
Q

8, 9, 10 innervated by ulnar nerve

A

part of ring finger and pinky finger

70
Q

Lateral thoracic artery is

A

blood supply to breast

71
Q

Lymphangitis

A

The thoracic duct has 75% of the lymphatic system go through it

The lymphatic system speed is about 20 meters per day

Carry larger material the Venus system can not

72
Q

Radial and ulnar arteries joint two times

A

deep palmar arch(higher of the two towards wrist)

superficial palmar arch(lower towards fingers)

73
Q

Laryngeal muscles are innervated by

A

CN 10(Vagus n.)

superior laryngeal nerve
inferior laryngeal nerve
	Recurrent laryngeal nerve
	innervates all laryngeal except cricothyroid
74
Q

The buccinator muscle is pierced by the

A

carotid duct for salivary gland

75
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

CN 12

Innervates all muscles of tongue

76
Q

Lymph node, especially on left side

A

sentinel lymph node can be a side of cancer
at root of neck
intraabdominal or intrathoracic cancer

77
Q

Occipito frontalis

A

when contracted – astonishment

78
Q

Corrugator supercilli

A

thinkers brow

pulls down the brow

79
Q

Risorius

A

can elevate the mouth

laughing and smiling

80
Q

Platysma

A

brings the angle of the mouth down

expression of sadness

81
Q

Muscles of mastication

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid

A

Put wrinkles on the face
after 40-45 years wrinkles can become permanent

CV5/3 mandibular nerve

Lateral pterygoid inserts inside the TMJ(temporal mandibular joint)

82
Q

greater occipital nerve in back of head(migraine relief)

A

figure 8-33
pterygopalatine fossa
*read paragraph and be familiar with it

	know ganglion(migraine relief)
83
Q

Mental nerve, infraorbital nerve, supraorbital nerve are the

A

sensory innervation of the face
3 terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve
1 inch from midline

Migraine relief

84
Q

Palmaris brevis and platysma are the only

A

cutaneous muscles left in the human body

Contraction brings the angles of the mouth down resulting in the sadness look

85
Q

Cervical Ansa(C1, C2, C3)

A

Innervates all hyoid muscles

86
Q

Branchial(pharyngeal) nerves(arches)

A 
1st arch Trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
	2 CN 7(Facial)
	3 CN 9(glossopharyngeal)
	4 CN 10(vagus)
	5 degenerates in humans
	6 Vagus nerve(CN 10)
87
Q

Cervicle ansa

A

C1, C2, C3, C4

GS: innervates all infrahyoid muscles

88
Q

Herings nerve is part of

A

CN 9(glossopharyngeal)

89
Q

Lumbral sacral plexus
L1-S3

Brachial Plexus C5-T1

Cervicle Ansa
C1-C4

A

Lumbral sacral plexus
L1-S3

Brachial Plexus C5-T1

Cervicle Ansa
C1-C4

Anatomy (13 decks)

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