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Anatomy > I/A - Exam 2 > Flashcards

I/A - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Supraspinatus M.

A

Function: abductor of the arm, belongs to the rotator cuff muscle group

Innervation: suprascapular n. (C4-C6)

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2
Q

Infraspinatus M.

A

Function: lateral rotator of the arm belongs to the rotator cuff muscle

Innervation: suprascapular n. (C5-C6)

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3
Q

Teres minor M.

A

Function: lateral rotator of the arm. Rotator cuff muscle

Innervation: Axillary (circumflex) n. (C5-C6)

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4
Q

Deltoid m.

A

Function: most important abductor of the arm up to 90 degrees

Ant. part: flexes (anteversion) the arm + medial rotation of the arm
Middle part: abducts the arm

Post. part: extends (retroversion) + lateral rotation

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5
Q

Subscapularis m.

A

Function: arm adduction and medial rotation

Innervation: upper & lower subscapular n. (C5, C6, C7)

Pathology: paralysis cause maximal lateral rotation

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6
Q

Teres major m.

A

Function: arm adduction and medial rotation

Innervation: lower subscapular n. (C6-C7)

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7
Q

Latissimus dorsi m.

A

(Coughing muscle)
Function: Adduction and medial rotation and extension of the arm

Innervation: thoracodorsal n. (C6, C7, C8)

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8
Q

Coracobrachialis m.

A

Function: flexion (anteversion) and adduction of arm

Innervation: musculocutaneous n. (C5, C6, C7)

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9
Q

Pectoralis minor m.

A

Function: Lowers and rotates the scapula

Innervation: medial pectoral n. (C8-T1)

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10
Q

Pectoralis major m.

A

Function: adduction and medial rotation of humerus

Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral n. (C5-T1)

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11
Q

Serratus anterior m.

A

(9 heads; 1st-9th rib)

Function: ELEVATION OF ARM OVER 90 DEGREES. Protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall and rotates the scapula laterally to elevate the arm
Innervation: long thoracic n. (C5, C6, C7)

**Paralysis: winged scapula: lifting the arm beyond 90 degrees is not possible

Differential diagnosis: rhomboid m. injury, here you have winged scapula as well, but arm elevation is normal.

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12
Q

Subclavious m.

A

Function: pulls the clavicle towards the sternum

Innervation: subclavious n. (C5-C6)

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13
Q

Omohyoid m.

A

Function: depresses the hyoid, opens the mouth, and helps in the lateral flexion of the head.

*dilates the internal jugular vein lying beneath it, which helps the return of blood to the heart

Innervation: cervical ansa (C1-C3)

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14
Q

Biceps m.

A

Functions:
Long head: abductor and medial rotator of the arm
Short head: adductor of the arm

Both heads flex (antroversion) shoulder joint
On elbow: flexor and strong supinator of the forearm

Innervation: musculocutaneous n. (C5-C6)
***biceps jerk: C5-C6

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15
Q

Brachialis m.

A

Function: powerful flexor of elbow joint

Innervation: musculocutaneous n. (C5-C6) and radial n. to some of its lateral part

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16
Q

Triceps m.

A

Function: chief extensor of elbow joint
Long head acts on two joints: retroversion and adduction of the arm

Innervation: radial n. (C6, C7, C8)
*triceps jerk (C7-C8)

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17
Q

Anconeous m.

A

Function: assists (extension of elbow) triceps

Innervation: radial n. (C7-C8)
(found between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and proximal part of the dorsal aspect of ulna

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18
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Function: flexes the hand toward the palm, tenses the palmar aponeurosis

Innervation: median n. (C7-T1)

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19
Q

Pronator teres

A

Function: pronation of forearm and flexion at elbow

Innervation: median n. (C6-C7)

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20
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Function: palmar flexion and radial abduction of hand

Innervation: median n. (C6-C7)

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21
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Function: strong flexors of the fingers (4 medial) joints; also flexes the wrist, runs in the carpal tunnel

Innervation: median n. (C7, C8, T1)

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22
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Function: hand (palmar) flexion and adduction. Runs outside the carpal tunnel

Innervation: ulnar n. (C7-C8)

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23
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Function: it is a flexor of the wrist, midcarpal, metacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joints

innervation: median n. laterally (C8-T1), ulnar n. medially (C8-T1)

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24
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Has its own tendon sheath

Function: flexor of the terminal phalanx (thumb)

Innervation: median n. (C8-T1) interosseous branch

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25
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Function: pronates the forearm

Innervation: median n.

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26
Q

Brachioradialis m.

A

BEER DRINKING MUSCLE.

Function: brings the forearm into midposition between pronation and supination; in this position it acts as a flexor (forearm flexor)

Innervation: radial n. (C5,C6,C7)

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27
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Function: extensor and abduction of hand at wrist joint

Innervation: radial n. (C6-C7)

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28
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Function: extensor and abductor of the hand at wrist joint

Innervation: radial n. (deep branch) (C7-C8)

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29
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Function: extends the 4 medial fingers (metacarpophalangeal joints), strong dorsiflexor of the hand at wrist joint

Innervation: post. interosseous branch of deep radial n. (C7-C8)

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30
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Function: extension of the 5th digit and dorsiflexion of hand
Innervation: post.

interosseous branch of deep radial n. (C7-C8)

31
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Function: extends and adducts the hands
Innervation: post.

interosseous branch of deep radial n. (C7-C8)

32
Q

Supinator m.

A

Function: encircles the radius and supinates forearm

Innervation: deep branch of radial n. (C5-C6)

33
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Function: extension of the proximal phalanx at metecarpophalangeal joint

Innervation: post. interosseous branch of deep radial n. (C7-C8)

34
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Function: extends the thumb using the crest on radius as a fulcrum

Innervation: post. interosseous branch of deep radial n. (C7-C8)

35
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Function: index extension and hand dorsiflexion

Innervation: post. interosseous branch of deep radial n. (C7-C8)

36
Q

Abductor polloicis brevis (thenar muscle)

A

Function: abduction of thumb

Innervation: median n.

37
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis (thenar muscle)

A

Function: flexes thumb

Innervation: superficial innervation is median n., deep head by ulnar n.

38
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Function: thumb adduction

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar n.

39
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Function: thumb opposition

Innervation: median n.

40
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Function: abduction of 5th digit

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar n.

41
Q

Flexor digiti minimi

A

Function: flexes 5th digit

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar n

42
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

Function: makes opposition of the 5th finger to thumb possible

Innervation: deep branch of radial n.

43
Q

Palmar interossei

A

Function: adduction of digits, assist lumbricals

Innervation: ulnar n.

44
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Function: abduction of digits
Innervation: ulnar n

45
Q

Lumbricals

A

Innervation: 2 lateral by median n.

2 medial by ulnar n.

46
Q

Orbicularis oculi muscle

A

Function: produces folds in lateral angle of the eye, expression of worry and concern

Innervation: CNVII (facial nerve)

47
Q

Corrugator supercilli

A

Function: pulls the skin and eyebrow down and medially. Produces vertical folds. Protects against light. **Pathetic pain muscle
**Thinker’s brow expression

Innervation: CNVIII (facial nerve)

48
Q

Orbicularis oris m.

A

Function: its contraction closes the mouth. Strong contraction gives a sucking shape. Expression of reserve

Innervation: CNVII

49
Q

Buccinator m

A

Function: enables air to be blown out of the mouth. Pulls angle of the mouth laterally. Keeps the mucous membrane of the cheek free of folds. Contraction gives expression of satisfaction

50
Q

Zygomaticus major m.

A

Function: lifts the corner of the mouth upward, giving expression of laughter or pleasure

Innervation: CNVII

51
Q

Zygomaticus minor m.

A

Function: aids in zygomaticus major function. Lifts the corner of the mouth upward, giving expression of laughter or pleasure

Innervation: CNVII

52
Q

Risorious m.

A

LAUGHING MUSCLE

Function: together with zygomatic major, it produces the nasolabial folds. Its contraction gives expression of action

Innervation: CNVII

53
Q

Levator labii superioris m.

A

Function: elevates upper lip

Innervation: CNVII

54
Q

Levator anguli oris m.

A

Function: lifts the angle of the mouth, giving expression of self confidence

55
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

Function: pulls the angle of the mouth downwards and produces expression of sadness

Innervation: CNVII

56
Q

Depressor labii inferioris m.

A

Function: pulls the lower lid down, giving expression of pereseverance

57
Q

Mentalis m.

A

Function: produces chin-lip furrow, giving expression of doubt and indecision

Innervation: CNVII

58
Q

Platysma m.

A

Brings down the corners of the mouth, expressing sadness.

Innervation: Facial n. CNVII

Injury to this nerve may lead to paralysis of platysma (skin falls away from neck by folds)
IMPORTANT

59
Q

Masseter m.

A

Function: powerfully closes the jaw by elevating the mandible

Innervation: Masseteric n -> CNV/3

60
Q

Temporalis m.

A

Function: strongest elevator of lower jaw**

Innervation: Deep temporal n ->CNV/3

61
Q

Lateral pterygoid m.

A

Function: mandibular movements (guiding muscle)

Innervation: Lateral pterygoid n -> CNV/3

62
Q

Medial pterygoid m.

A

Function: elevates mandible and pushes it forward. Rotational movement.

Innervation: Medial pterygoid n. -> CNV/3

63
Q

Trapezius m.

A

Function: elevation, retraction, rotation of scapula. Helps in adduction and slight elevation of arm

Innervation: Accessory n. (CNXI)

64
Q

Sternocleidomastoid m.

A

Function: unilateral contraction turns the head to opposite side and bends it ipsilaterally. Bilateral contraction lifts the head. Also functions in respiration.

Innervation: Accessory nerve (CNXI)

65
Q

Omohyoid m., Sternohyoid m.

A

Function: fascia tensor and dilates internal jugular vein lying beneath it (this aids in return of blood to the heart). Opens the mouth and helps in lateral flexion of the head

Innervation: cervical ansa (C1-C3)

66
Q

Sternothyroid m, Thyroid m.

A

Function: All infrathyroid muscles work together to approximate thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone. When mouth is open, they stabiliza laryngeal cartilages and the hyoid bone.

Innervation: cervical ansa (C1-C3)

67
Q

Digastric m.

A

Function: raising hyoid and stabilizing it in speaking and swallowing, depressing the mandible

Innervation: anterior belly by V/3 (trigeminal/mandibular) and posterior belly by VII (facial n.)

68
Q

Stylohyoid m.

A

Function: elevates and retracts hyoid bone, elongates floor of the mouth

Innervation: VII, facial nerve (cervical branch)

69
Q

Myelohyoid m.

A

Function: elevates hyoid and floor of the mouth and tongue in swallowing and speaking.

Innervation: V/3 (myelohyoid n. from inferior alveolar n.)

70
Q

Geniohyoid m.

A

Function: pulls the hyoid anterosuperiorly, shortens floor of the mouth and widens pharynx

Innervation: C1 via hypoglossal nerve

71
Q

Rectus capitis m.

A

Function: helps to flex the head

Innervation: cervical plexus (C1)

72
Q

Longus capitis m.

A

Function: bend the head forward and unilateral action turns the head sideways

Innervation: cervical plexus (C1-C4)

73
Q

Longus colli m.

A

Function: unilateral contraction bends and turns cervical column to the side. Also bend the cervical spine forward

Innervation: cervical and brachial plexus (C2-C8)

74
Q

Scalene m.

A

Function: lift the first 2 pairs of ribs (superior part of thorax). Unilateral contraction tilts cervical column to one side

Innervation: brachial plexus (C4-C8)

Anatomy (13 decks)

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