Mock PTS 1 Flashcards
What is the Management for MI
- use of GTN spray
- administer O2 (only if hypoxaemic, pulmonary oedema or continuing myocardial ischaemia)
- analgesia- (e.g morphine and a co-prescribed antiemetic),
- dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel/ticagrelor)
- restore patency to occluded artery (PCI or thrombolytic drug).
what drug class is this. name example.
Inhibition of aldosterone receptor in the distal tubules
potassium sparing diuretic
spironolactone
what drug class is this. name example.
inhibition of cyclooxyrgenase enzyme in the proximal tubule
aspirin
what drug class is this. name example.
inhibition of L-type voltage gated calcium channels in the nephron
CCB
amlodipine
what drug class is this. name example.
Inhibition of sodium chloride transporter in the distal convoluted tubule
thiazide like diuretic
bendroflumethiozide
what drug class is this. name example.
inhibition of sodium/potassium/chloride symporter in loop of Henle
loop diuretic
furosemide
what would aortic stenosis present with
and what would be hear on auscultation
Aortic stenosis would present with syncope and angina, and on auscultation an ejection systolic murmur would be heard
what would aortic regurgitation present with and what would be heard on auscultation
Aortic regurgitation would present with symptoms to similar symptoms as aortic stenosis (syncope and angina), with an early diastolic/Austin Flint murmur heard on auscultation
how would tricuspid regurgitation be heard
Tricuspid regurgitation may present with signs of right-sided heart failure, this pansystolic murmur is not heard at the apex but at the left lower sternal edge.
What are common MI ECG changes
Myocardial infarction ECG changes include:
- ST elevation
- ST depression
- T wave inversion
- abnormal Q wave
name conditions where absent T waves are commonly seen
Absent P waves are typically seen in SVT, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter
what are tall tented T waves characteristic of
hyperkalaemia
When are wide QRS complexes commonly seen ?
patients with bundle branch blocks
a blood pressure over what requires pharmacological intervention
135/85
Caucasian under 55. what antihypertensive drug ?
contraindicated to it? then what?
ACEI - ramapril
if contraindicated, ARB: losartan
what does cor pulmonate present with
sob
what does LBBB present with
usually asymptomatic
what is used to determine stroke risk after a TIA
ABCD2
- Age (>60)
- BP (>140/90)
- clinical features (speech disturbance, unilateral weakness)
- Duration of TIA
- Diabetes
What is used to calculate stroke risk in patients with AF
CHA2DS2-VASc
what is used to determine the risk of DVT or PE
wells score
what is conns disease
primary hyperaldosteroinism: adrenal adenoma => stimulate adrenal to secrete increased aldosterone
(low renin, high aldosterone)
does aldosterone increase or decrease potassium excretion
increase
what is Addisons disease
primary adrenal insufficiency: adrenal glands damaged => decreased aldosterone + decreased cortisol (usually autoimmune)
how does Addisons usually present
lean, tanned, tired, tearful, hypotension
