Med School Mock Flashcards
familial adenomatous polyposis inheritance pattern
autosomal dominant
what mechanism stops bleeding after venepuncture
platelet and fibrin plug forming over the area of damaged endothelial wall
malignan neoplasm growing with an area of metaplasia
squamous cell carcinoma
what is a sarcoma
cancer (malignant) that starts in tissues like bone or muscle
first line management for hyperkalaemia
- calcium chloride or calcium gluconate
Which artery plays an important role in erectile function
Internal pudendal artery
give post renal causes of AKI
mechanical obstruction of urinary outflow tract
- BPH, stones
give intrinsic causes of AKI
- acute tubular necorsis
- glomerulonephritis
- interstitial nephritis
give pre renal causes of AKI
decreased renal perfusion
- hypovolaemia
- haemorrhage
- sepsis
- over diureses
- HF
what triggers release of aldosterone
- decreased blood pressure is detected => adrenal gland is stimulated by stretch receptors => aldosterone release
- RAAS: angiotensin II acts on adrenal cortex => aldosterone release
first line imaging for suspected stroke
CT !
Wilsons disease presentation
- tremor
- sloppy of small handwriting
- dysarthria
- kayser-fleischer ring
myasthenia graves presentation
- muscle fatiguability
- drooping eyelids
- double vision
- slurred speach
what is myasthenia gravis
- autoimmune condition that affects ACh uptake
- circulating antibodies against AChR impair neuromuscular transmission
parkinsons presentation
triad:
- resting tremor (pill rolling)
- rigidity (cogwheel)
- bradykinesia (small handwriting, shuffling gait, reduced facial movements + expressions)
huntingtons investigation
CAG repeat testing
huntingtons presentation
- chorea
- loss of coordination
- irritability and impulsivity
- personality change
management for Gillian barre syndrome
- alert ITU
- Start intravenous immunoglobulin
- Start plasma exchange (IgA deficient or renal failure)
aortic stenosis on clinical exam, feature
small volume and slow rising pulse
aortic regurgitation on clinical exam, feature
- collapsing pulse
bounding and forceful, rapidly increasing and subsequently collapsing
commonest cause of myocardial dysfunction that leads to heart failure
ischaemic heart disease
describe venous ulcers
- caused by venous insufficiency
- appear shallow with irregular borders and a granulating base
- often located over the medial malleolus
- most common type of leg ulcer
- prone to infection
describe arterial ulcers
- caused by a reduction in arterial blood flow => decreased perfusion of the tissues => poor healing
- small deep lesions with well-defined borders and a necrotic base
- commonly occur distally at sites of trauma and in pressure areas (e.g the heel)
extra intestinal manifestation of crohns
Erythema nodosum
