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MedSoc SAQ 2 Flashcards

1
Q

COPD CXR signs

A
  • hyperinflation
  • flattened diaphragm
  • increased intercostal spaces
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2
Q

sensitive and specific tests for RA

A
  • sensitive: rheumatoid factor

- specific: anti- ccp antibodies

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3
Q

life threatening complication of RA

A

Felty’s syndrome

  • RA
  • splenomegaly
  • neutropenia
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4
Q

extra articular manifestations of RA

A
  • sjorgens
  • pleuritis, pleural effusions
  • glomerulonephritis
  • atherosclerosis
  • MI
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5
Q

causes of cauda equine syndrome

A
  • disc herniation
  • tumour
  • abscess
  • trauma
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6
Q

cauda equina management

A
  • immediate hospital admission
  • emergency MRI scan
  • Decompression surgery
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7
Q

how should blood cultures be taken for patients with suspected endocarditis

A
  • 3 cultures
  • from 3 different sites
  • taken at different times
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8
Q

dukes major criteria

A
  • blood cultures positive for endocarditis

- evidence of endocardial involvement (echocardiogram showing vegetation)

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9
Q

dukes minor criteria

A
  • temperature >38

- vascular phenomena (janeway lesions, splinter haemorrhages, Roth spots, oslers nodes)

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10
Q

what is Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score (GBS)

A

Stratifies upper GI bleeding patients

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11
Q

oesophageal tear management

A
  • surgery: upper GI endoscopy and clipping

- high dose PPI post surgery

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12
Q

gold standard for suspected urinary tract stones

A

non contrast CT (KUB)

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13
Q

anatomical ares where urolithiasis are likely to become stuck in urinary tract (3)

A
  • Ureteropelvic junction
  • Ureteral crossing of iliac vessels
  • Ureterovesical junction
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14
Q

what can urinary tract stones be formed of

A
  • cholesterol
  • bilirubin
  • calcium
  • uric acid
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15
Q

radiological intervention to treat renal tract stones

A

ultrasound shock wave lithotripsy

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16
Q

side effects of bisphosphonates

A
  • Oesophagitis

- oesophageal ulcers

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17
Q

how take bisphosphonates

A
  • Take on an empty stomach
  • with a full glass of water
  • Stand or sit upright for 30 minutes after taking them
  • Wait 30 minutes - 2 hours before eating food or drinking any other fluids
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18
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis gram stain

A

gram negative diplococci

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19
Q

common meningitis causing organism (apart from Neisseria Meningitidis)

gram stain

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

gram positive cocci

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20
Q

2 bedside tests to examine meningitis

A
  • Kernig’s test

- Brudzinski test

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21
Q

gold standard investigation for meningitis

A

lumbar puncture

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22
Q

what empirical antibiotic for meningitis

A

cefotaxime

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23
Q

what would CXR of aortic stenosis show

A
  • cardiomegaly
  • dilated ascending aorta
  • pulmonary oedema
  • calcification of aortic valve
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24
Q

what does raised Gamma-GT indicate

what especially raised in

A

damage to liver and bile ducts

especially raised in alcohol misuse

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25
alanine transaminase (ALT) function what do high levels indicate
enzyme that helps convert protein into energy this rises with liver damage
26
Aspartate transaminase (AST) function what do high levels indicate
enzyme that helps metabolise amino acids High AST indicates liver damage or muscle damage
27
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) function what do high levels indicate
found in liver and bone and involved in protein catabolism high ALP indicates liver diseases (like blocked bile duct) or certain bone diseases
28
excess alcohol can lead to a deficiency in what vitamin
B1
29
what drug to manage alcohol withdrawal
Chlordiazepoxide
30
delirium tremors symptoms
- acute confusion - delusions and hallucinations - tremor - tachycardia - hypertension
31
cause of microcytic anaemia
``` T – Thalassaemia A – Anaemia of chronic disease I – Iron deficiency anaemia L – Lead poisoning S – Sideroblastic anaemia ```
32
man go to Spain | what pneumonia
Leigonella pneumophilia
33
pneumonia in HIV patients
Pneumocystitis jirovecii
34
symptoms experienced by patent with peripheral vascular disease
- numbness in feet - absent distal pulses - intermittent claudication
35
gold standard investigation for peripheral arterial disease
CT angiogram
36
first line investigation for peripheral arterial disease
ankle branchial pressure index (ABPI)
37
give examples of exudative effusions
- TB - lung cancer - pneumonia
38
give examples of transudative effusions
- hypoalbuminemia - nephrotic syndrome - congestive cardiac failure
39
what is pulsus paradoxus a sign of
- acute asthma - COPD exacerbation - cardiac tamponade
40
what is beck's triad and what is indicative of
pericardial tamponade - hypotension - distended jugular veins - muffled heart sounds
41
first line treatment for von Willebrand’s disease
vasopressin analogue (DDAVP)
42
what inheritance is G6PD deficiency
x linked recessive
43
what is the antibody target in primary biliary cholangitis
Jo-1
44
what drug first line prevention of cluster headaches
CCB - verapamil
45
describe effect of super antigens
a molecule that causes non-specific polyclonal T-cell activation
46
describe pagets
disease of excessive bone turnover (formation and reabsorption) not coordinated => patch areas of high density (sclerosis) + low density (lysis)
47
where does pagets disease typically affect
- skull - femur - pelvis - spine (vertebrae)
48
pagets presentation
- bone pain - bone deformity - fractures - hearing loss
49
pagets management
- bisphosphonates - NSAIDs - Ca and Vit D supplementation
50
pagets complications
- spinal cord compression | - osteosarcoma
51
different types of diarrhoea
- dysentry - osmotic - inflammatory
52
GI reg flags for cancer
- rectal bleeding - change in bowel habits for more than 6 weeks - anaemia - family history - unintentional weight loss - age > 60
53
symptoms of SBO
- Vomiting - nausea - constipation - abdominal distention - Intermittent abdominal pain
54
investigation for SBO
abdominal CT
55
what would be seen on radiography of SBO
Dilated jejunum and/or ileum, Absence of gas in bowel distal to the obstruction
56
initial supportive management of SBO
drip and suck management - nil by mouth - insert nasogastric tube to decompress the bowel - start IV fluids and correct electrolyte imbalances
57
complication of SBO
bowel ischaemia | perforation
58
causes of gastritis
- Helicobacter pylori infection - NSAIDs - alcohol abuse - Mucosal ischaemia
59
test for H. pylori
- Helicobacter pylori urea breath test | - Helicobacter pylori faecal antigen test.
60
what antibodies do you look for in coeliac
IgA tTG | IgA EMA
61
complications of diverticulitis
- large bowel obstruction - large bowel perforation - bleeding - fistula formation
62
first line drug used to treat haematemeis from ruptured oesophageal varies
- IV Terlipressin acts as a vasodilator to control variceal bleeding - if contraindicated then IV somatostatin
63
investigation for acute appendicitis
CT

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