Mobilization of Stored Fats and Oxidation of Fatty acids (Younger)

Question 1

Energy yield of oxidized fatty acids to CO2 and water is __ kcal/g fat as compared to __ kcal/g protein or carbohydrate. What is alcohols yield?

Answer 1

7 kcal/g

Question 2

__________ has a low level release of fatty acids from adipose, TAG-> DAG +FA

Answer 2

Adipose lipase

Question 3

___________ has a major role in regulated TAG lipolysis and release of fatty acids from adipose, TAG->DAG + FA

Answer 3

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)

Question 4

What releases fatty acids from TAG in the circulating lipoproteins particles to free fatty acids and glycerol.

Answer 4

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 5

What activates HSL (Hormone sensitive Lipase)?

Answer 5

HSL is phosphorylated and activated by cAMP dependent protein kinases.

GPCR–cAMP-dependent protein kinases phosphorylate HSL as well

Question 6

How is ACC deactivated?

Answer 6

cAMP-dependent protein kinases phosphorylate and deactivate acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)

Question 7

ENZYMES
KNOW WHATS HAPPENING IN DIFFERENT TISSUES
KNOW HOW HSL is regulated…

Answer 7

just some stuff he randomly said we need to know… review it

Question 8

The enzyme on the outer mitochondrial membrane that exchanges fatty acid for free carnitine.

Answer 8

CAT-1

Question 9

______ on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane catalyzes acyl group transfer from carnitine to CoA.

Answer 9

CAT-II

Question 10

CAT-1 prevents ___transfer from CoA to carnitine.

Answer 10

LCFA

Question 11

CAT-1 is inhibited by ________.

Answer 11

Malonyl CoA

Question 12

Carnitine is primarily in ________ products in your diet.

Answer 12

Meat, Carnitine is used as energy.

Question 13

Carnitine can be obtained from 2 ways…

Answer 13

diet and synthesized by enzymatic pathway in liver and kidney using Lysine and Methionine

Question 14

CAT-1 defect

Answer 14

defect in liver use of long chain fatty acids… will see severe hypoglycemia. (inability for B oxidation)

Question 15

CAT-II defect

Answer 15

gene in heart and muscle tissue having trouble with energy production. Reduce energy, cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness.

Question 16

If you have CAT-I or CAT-II defect how do you treat it?

Answer 16

avoid long fasts, adopt a diet high in carbs and low in LCFA; supplement with medium-chain fatty acids and carnitine.

Question 17

Say we have a 16 carbon intermediate of B-oxidation, how many FADH2 and NADH do you get out of Fatty acids?

Answer 17

(N-2)/2 for even carbons

7 FADH2 and 7 NADH = ~129 ATP

Question 18

15 carbon intermediate, how many FADH2 and NADH?

Answer 18

(N-3)/2 for odd carbons

6 FADH2 and 6 NADH