Lipid Digestion (Younger)

Question 1

True/False in our diet the need for fatty acids is usually pretty high.

Answer 1

False, low (especially in pikevull)

Question 2

Most people consume about ____ grams of lipids per day.

Answer 2

81g/day

Question 3

90% is from ____.

Answer 3

triacylglycerols (about 72g TAG)

The rest is: cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, free fatty acids

Question 4

Acid stable lipases function in the stomach at optimal pH between pH ___ - pH___.

Answer 4

pH 4- pH 6

Question 5

This enzyme is secreted from glands at the back of the tongue.

Answer 5

Lingual lipase

Question 6

This enzyme is secreted from the gastric mucosa.

Answer 6

Gastric lipase

Question 7

Acid lipases target TAG containing short and medium chain fatty acids __-__ carbons (example: milk fat)

Answer 7

4-10 carbons

Question 8

True/False Short and medium chain fatty acids are important for infant when milk is the primary resource.

Answer 8

True
because young kids can get enzymes present in glands to mobilize easily and start removing the short and medium chain fatty acids

Question 9

2 enzymes involved in breakdown of phospholipids.

Answer 9

Phospholipase A2 and Lysophospholipase

Question 10

______________ is a pancreatic enzyme secreted to the small intestine, digests esterified cholesterol (cholesterol esters)

Answer 10

cholesterol esterase

Question 11

Where does choline largely come from?

Answer 11

Diet

Question 12

________ removes the fatty acid from position 2 to produce lysophospholipid and a free fatty acid.

Answer 12

Phospholipase A2

Question 13

___________ removes the fatty acid from position one to generate one fatty acid and one glycerylphosphoryl base.

Answer 13

Lysophospholipase

Question 14

Gut endocrine cells secrete these 2 small peptide hormones to the blood:

Answer 14

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Secretin

Question 15

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a small peptide hormone secreted to the blood in response to the presence of what 2 things?

Answer 15

lipids and partially digested proteins

Question 16

CCK
promotes _______ enzyme secretion
and causes gall bladder to release: 3 things

Answer 16

Pancreatic

bile salts
phospholipids
free cholesterol

Question 17

CCK decreases __________ , reducing release rate of gastric contents to the

Answer 17

gastric motility

Question 18

What is a micelle?

Answer 18

A disk shaped cluster of amphipathic molecules.

Question 19

Small peptide hormone secreted to the blood to the low pH of chime entering the intestine

Answer 19

Secretin

Question 20

_________ promotes release of a bicrabonate rich solution from the pancreas to the small intestine.

Answer 20

secretin

Question 21

Lipid digestion in the jejunum generates what 3 primary products?

Answer 21

Free fatty acids
free cholesterol
2-monoacylglycerol

Question 22

How do you get fat soluble vitamins into the mucosal cell? (absorption of lipids into the mucosal cell)

Answer 22

Explain how micelle comes near to the intestinal mucosal cell and their hydrophilic tails are attracted to the mucosal cell and flips them into the cell… (not well said here go over it)

Question 23

Chylomicron have __________ B-48.

Answer 23

Apolipoprotein B-48

Question 24

Chylomicron is surrounded by a ____________ layer and is surrounded by proteins.

Answer 24

Monophospholipid layer.

Question 25

Converts long chain fatty acids to form fatty acyl-CoA by using ATP to AMP as energy.

Answer 25

Thiokinase

Question 26

Secretion of lipids from enterocytes, how does it work?

Answer 26

Enter lymph system and then enters the vascular system in the blood.

Question 27

What has the ability to clip off all fatty acids of the TAG inside the chylomicron?

Answer 27

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 28

What organ takes up the chylomicron and absorbs some nutrients from it for energy?

Answer 28

Liver

Question 29

What would be the biggest problem that you typically see?

Answer 29

``` Gall bladder (important for secreting bile and neutralizing droplets) If there are issues of pancreatic enzyme (have trouble clipping lipids off of macromolecules). ```

Question 30

What is a disease that is not just a problem with breathing, but also have problems (especially with children) a defect in chloride channel which doesn't allow water to get into the mucus and prevents pancreatic enzymes from being secreted....cant digest. Can't get fat soluble vitamins into the body from chylomicrons. What is the treatment?

Answer 30

Cystic fibrosis | Treatment: make sure that patient has sufficient fat-soluble vitamin supplements