Lipid Classification (Younger) Flashcards
What is the structure of Fatty acids?
Has one end hydrophobic (hydrocarbon chains) and the other hydrophilic (terminal carboxyl group with pKa of ~4.8)
True/False: The longer the fatty acid chain gets the more hydrophobic it is.
True. Also less hydrophilic
True/False: The longer the fatty acid chain the more and more of an impact it has on the solubility.
False, Less and less
A fully saturated fatty acid has higher or lower energy?
More energetic
What can effect the melting temperature of a fatty acid?
Number of hydrogens, length of hydrocarbon chain.
Increasing the number of double bonds does what to the Melting temperature.
reduces the Melting temp and increases fluidity.
Melting temperature is high or low when it tends to be a liquid at room termerature?
Melting temperature is lower
Vegetable oil is liquid at room temp and lard is not, how does melting temperature and fluidity compare to each?
Lard has higher melting point than vegetable oil and less fluidity.
What is one thing you can do to prevent having such a high melting temperature is to introduce what?
Introduce unsaturations or double bonds
What is the carbon 1 of fatty acid?
Carboxy carbon
What is the carbon 2 of fatty acid?
alpha carbon
What is the carbon 3 of a fatty acid?
Beta carbon
What is the carbon 4 of a fatty acid?
gamma carbon.
What is the terminal methyl group carbon called in a fatty acid?
omega-carbon
Is Arachidonic acid 20:4(5,8,11,14) an omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acid?
Omega-6
because 20-14= 6
What are the 2 essential fatty acids that humans can’t synthesize?
Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.
What acid becomes essential if Linoleic acid is deficient in the diet?
Arachidonic acid
Why is linoleic acid and Alpha-linolenic acid essential fatty acids?
Linoleic is a precursor for other shorter omega-6 FA.
Alpha linolenic is a precursor for other omega-3 fatty acids: important for growth and development.
Arachidonic acid is a substrate for prostaglandin synthesis.
Is alpha-linolenic acid a omega 3 or omega 6?
omega-3 fatty acid
Is linoleic acid an omega 3 or omega 6?
Omega 6 fatty acid
Short and medium chain length fatty acids is how many carbons in length?
4-10 carbons in length (less than
Long chain fatty acids has how many carbons in length?
16-22 carbons in length
Very long chain Fatty acids have how many carbons?
> 22 carbons in length
Synthesis of Fatty acids is happening where?
Cytosol
Fatty acid has 2 forms, what are they?
Free fatty acids (unesterified) and Fatty acyl ester (Esterified fatty acids).
Is cholesterol hydrophobic or hydrophylic?
Hydrophobic and has a lot of rings
If you are in the fasting state you will have ____ amounts of fatty acids in blood serum.
high
Circulating TAG comes from ______ and _____ system.
liver and digestive
Transport of long chain fatty acids in blood serum requires association with ________, a protein used a lot in the lab for western blots.
Albumin
2 points of origin of free fatty acids:
From TAG in adipose tissue
From circulating lipoproteins
Free fatty acids are consumed in:
They are utilized mostly in ________ and ________ tissue.
most tissues can take up free fatty acids and they are utilized mostly in adipose and muscle tissue
4 Functions of free fatty acids:
- structural components of membrane (i.e. phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids)
- Conjugation to proteins for membrane anchoring properties
- Oxidized to provide energy in liver and muscle
- Precursors for hormone like prostaglandins
Fatty acyl esters are precursors to form more complex molecules such as ______.
TAG triacylglycerols
Fatty acyl esters are stored in _________ tissue as TAG.
adipose
Fatty acyl esters serve as the major _______ reserve for the body.
energy
True/False: 90% of plasma fatty acids are fatty acid esters contained in lipoprotein particles: Give 3 examples.
True,
TAG
Cholesterol esters
Phospholipids
