HMP (Deevska) Flashcards
Where are structural carbohydrates located in the cell?
on the outer mitochondrial matrix??
What are the oxidative irreversible steps of Pentose Phosphate Pathway?
Step 1- Glucose 6-P to 6-Phosphogluconate via Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) (Rate limiting step)
Step 2- Hydrolysis to 6-phosphogluconate via 6-phosphogluconolactone (1 NADPH produced)
Step 3. Oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate via 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (1 NADPH produced)
What are the 2 names for this pathway?
Hexose MonoPhosphate (HMP) shunt Pentose phosphate pathway
What are the 2 main purposes of HMP pathway?
make NADPH and Ribose (5 carbon sugar ribose) to be used in synthesis of nucleotides
True/False No ATP is used or produced in HMP pathway?
True
Ribose 5-Phosphate is used for _______ production.
Nucleotide
When reversible steps convert 3 carbon atoms to 7 carbon atoms it makes synthesis possible for _________.
Ribose 5-Phosphate
What is different in NADH vs NADPH?
NADPH has an extra phosphate group connected to ribose molecules…
What does NADH do?
Accepts electrons and donate the electrons, using the energy stored for oxidative phosphorylation.
1st thing that NADPH does?
Electron donor for reductive biosynthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and steroids.
2nd thing NADPH does?
Electron donor for neutralization of ROS (H2O2, superoxide etc)
3rd thing NADPH does?
Reducing agent for Cyt 450= biosynthesis of steroids
4th thing NADPH does?
Role in phagocytosis= destruction of pathogens
5th thing NADPH does?
Substrate for synthesis of nitric oxide (NO).
When are ROS dangerous?
when levels of antioxidants are diminished.
When are ROS produced?
during aerobic metabolism, drugs and toxins
What is Glutathion (GSH)?
Major antioxidant system
enzyme that incorporates 1 oxygen atom from molecular oxygen (creating -OH group) with the other oxygen reduced to H2O.
monooxygenase
Cyt P450 systems… _________system- synthesis of steroids
___________system- detoxification of foreign compounds
Mitochondrial
Microsomal
What does Cyt P450 do in the liver?
Makes bile acids & Vitamin D3.
What does Cyt P450 do in the kidney?
Makes Vitamin D3 active
What does Cyt P450 do in steroidogenic tissues (placenta, ovaries, testes etc)?
Uses NADPH to make steroid hormones
What does the microsomal Cyt P450 do?
Detox of drugs
NADPH oxidase deficiency causes ________________.
CGS Chronic Granulomatous Disease
body attempts to “wall off” the collection of cells from the rest of the body.
granuloma
IMPORTANT: Why is G6PD exclusively in RBC’s?
RBC’s don’t have nucleus, so they can’t replace any enzyme that is lost.
Do you recall hemolytic anemia as a deficiency of another enzyme that we have talked about?
G6P
