HMP (Deevska)

Question 1

Where are structural carbohydrates located in the cell?

Answer 1

on the outer mitochondrial matrix??

Question 2

What are the oxidative irreversible steps of Pentose Phosphate Pathway?

Answer 2

Step 1- Glucose 6-P to 6-Phosphogluconate via Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) (Rate limiting step)
Step 2- Hydrolysis to 6-phosphogluconate via 6-phosphogluconolactone (1 NADPH produced)
Step 3. Oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate via 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (1 NADPH produced)

Question 3

What are the 2 names for this pathway?

Answer 3

Hexose MonoPhosphate (HMP) shunt
Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 4

What are the 2 main purposes of HMP pathway?

Answer 4

make NADPH and Ribose (5 carbon sugar ribose) to be used in synthesis of nucleotides

Question 5

True/False No ATP is used or produced in HMP pathway?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Ribose 5-Phosphate is used for _______ production.

Answer 6

Nucleotide

Question 7

When reversible steps convert 3 carbon atoms to 7 carbon atoms it makes synthesis possible for _________.

Answer 7

Ribose 5-Phosphate

Question 8

What is different in NADH vs NADPH?

Answer 8

NADPH has an extra phosphate group connected to ribose molecules…

Question 9

What does NADH do?

Answer 9

Accepts electrons and donate the electrons, using the energy stored for oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 10

1st thing that NADPH does?

Answer 10

Electron donor for reductive biosynthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and steroids.

Question 11

2nd thing NADPH does?

Answer 11

Electron donor for neutralization of ROS (H2O2, superoxide etc)

Question 12

3rd thing NADPH does?

Answer 12

Reducing agent for Cyt 450= biosynthesis of steroids

Question 13

4th thing NADPH does?

Answer 13

Role in phagocytosis= destruction of pathogens

Question 14

5th thing NADPH does?

Answer 14

Substrate for synthesis of nitric oxide (NO).

Question 15

When are ROS dangerous?

Answer 15

when levels of antioxidants are diminished.

Question 16

When are ROS produced?

Answer 16

during aerobic metabolism, drugs and toxins

Question 17

What is Glutathion (GSH)?

Answer 17

Major antioxidant system

Question 18

enzyme that incorporates 1 oxygen atom from molecular oxygen (creating -OH group) with the other oxygen reduced to H2O.

Answer 18

monooxygenase

Question 19

Cyt P450 systems… _________system- synthesis of steroids

___________system- detoxification of foreign compounds

Answer 19

Mitochondrial

Microsomal

Question 20

What does Cyt P450 do in the liver?

Answer 20

Makes bile acids & Vitamin D3.

Question 21

What does Cyt P450 do in the kidney?

Answer 21

Makes Vitamin D3 active

Question 22

What does Cyt P450 do in steroidogenic tissues (placenta, ovaries, testes etc)?

Answer 22

Uses NADPH to make steroid hormones

Question 23

What does the microsomal Cyt P450 do?

Answer 23

Detox of drugs

Question 24

NADPH oxidase deficiency causes ________________.

Answer 24

CGS Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Question 25

body attempts to “wall off” the collection of cells from the rest of the body.

Answer 25

granuloma

Question 26

IMPORTANT: Why is G6PD exclusively in RBC’s?

Answer 26

RBC’s don’t have nucleus, so they can’t replace any enzyme that is lost.

Question 27

Do you recall hemolytic anemia as a deficiency of another enzyme that we have talked about?

Answer 27

G6P