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MOA and DOC Flashcards

1
Q

DOC for gonorrhea:

What else should always be treated?

A

Ceftriaxone

AND

Azithromycin or doxycycline for chlamydia

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2
Q

Antiviral that does not need to be activated by enzymes and inhibits both DNA polymerase and DNA-dependant-RNA-polymerase?

A

Foscarnet

Used in HIV/AIDS and in gancyclovir resistant CMV

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3
Q

MOA and indication for donepazil?

A

Alzheimers

AChEi

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4
Q

Memantine MOA and use?

A

Alheimer’s

NMDA receptor antagonist

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5
Q

Legionella DOC

A

Erythromycin (macrolide)

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6
Q

Psuedomonas DOC

A

Aminoglycosides

Neomycin

Gentimycin

Streptomycin

Tobramycin

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7
Q

Lyme disease DOC

A

Ceftriaxone and doxicycline

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8
Q

DOC for gardnerella vaginalis and trichamonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

+/- erythromycin

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9
Q

DOC for giardia

A

Metronidazole

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10
Q

DOC for entomoeba hiatolytica?

A

Metronidazole

idoquinol for asymptomatic cyst passers

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11
Q

MOA of Carbamazepine?

A

Blacks voltage gated Na channels in the CNS

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12
Q

DOC for patient with aspiration pneumonia?

A

Clindamycin

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13
Q

MOA of Heparins

A

bind tightly to antithrombin

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14
Q

MOA and use of Colchicine?

A

Binds to and inhibits polymerization of microtubules

Acute gout

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15
Q

Low potency tyical antipsychotics

A

Chlorpromazine

Thioridizine

(THey’re CHill and easy to RID)

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16
Q

Antipsychotic associated with diabetes

A

Olanzapine

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17
Q

Antipsychotic associated with agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine

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18
Q

Atypical antipsychotics

A

Olanzepine

Rispiridone

Aripiprazole

Clozapine

Quetiapine

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19
Q

Which antipsychotics cause NMS? Tx?

A

High potency typicals

Dantrolene and Bromocryptine

(e.g. Haloperidol, fluphenazine, loxapine, thiothixine, triflyperazine)

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20
Q

Tx of Toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

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21
Q

Which of the anxiolytics has no hypnotic or sedative effects?

What is it’s disadvantage?

A

Buspirone

–>Takes a long time to act (~2 weeks)

–>No addiction

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22
Q

Most important toxicity associated with Isoniazid

A

Hepatotoxicity

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23
Q

Prophylaxis for mycobacterium in AIDS pts

A

Azithromycin

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24
Q

Histoplasma prophylaxis in AIDS pts

A

Itraconazole

25
Q

MOA of fenasteride

A

Inhibits 5-alpha-reductase

normally converts testosterone to DHT

–>induces hair growth

26
Q

Inhibit dihydropteroin synthase

A

Sulfonamides

–>sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine

27
Q

Common use of TMP-SMX

A

UTI

pneumocystis jirovecii (tx and prophylaxis)

Shitgella

Salmonella

28
Q

inhibits topisomerase II

A

Fluroquinolones

(Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin)

*do not take with antiacids

29
Q

Fluroquinolones useful in treatment of

A

G(-) infections of the urinary and GI

Pseudomondas, neisseria

30
Q

Most important side effect associated with fluroquinolones

A

cartilage damage and tendon rupture

31
Q

MOA of metronidazole

A

Formation of free radicals that damage DNA

32
Q

Infections treated with metronidazole

A

GET GAP on the Metro(nidazole)

Giaridia

Entomoeba histolytica

Trchomonas

Gardernella

Anaerobes

Pylori (H. pylori)

33
Q

Important SE of metronidazole

A

Disulfuram like reaction

34
Q

What drug is used as prophylaxis in cystic fibrosis? For what infection?

A

Fluroquinolones (pseudomonas mostly)

35
Q

Penecillin blocks what enzyme

A

Transpeptidase

36
Q

Infection commonly tx’ed with penicillin

A

Syphillis (treponema pallidum)

Penicillin G

37
Q

Used to tx S. aureus except MRSA

A

Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin

38
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

Ampicillin and amoxicillin

39
Q

What organisms are commonly Tx’ed with aminopenicillins?

A

HELPSS

Haemophilus

E. coli

Listeria

Proteus miribilis

Salmonella

Shigella

40
Q

Penicillins with major antipseudomonal activity

A

Ticacillin and pipercillin

41
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors typically added to penicillins to increase their efficacy

A

Clvulinic acid

Sulbactam

Tazobactam

42
Q

1st gen cephalosporins

What do they Tx

A

Cefazolin and cephalexin

PEcK

Proteus

E. coli

Klebsiella

43
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins and indications

A

Cefoxitin, cefaclor, and cefuroxime

HEN PEcKS

Haemophilus

Enterobacter

Neisseria

Proteus

E. coli

Klebsiella

Serratia

44
Q

3rd cephalosporins and indications

A

Ceftriaxone (meningitis and gonorrhea) and ceftazidine pseudomonas

45
Q

4th gen cephalosporins and indication

A

Cefipime

Pseudomonas

46
Q

Tx of UTI in pregnant female

A

Nitrofurantoin

inhibits bacterial ribosomes

47
Q

Vancomycin MOA and common resistance

A

D-ala-D-ala inhibition

D-ala-D-lac is common mutation resulting in VRE and other resistant strains

48
Q

Buy AT 30 CCEL at 50

A

Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines inhibit 30s

Chloramphenicol and clindamycin, erythromycin (macrolides) and linezolid inhibit 50s

49
Q

Aminoglycoside drugs, major SE and major indications

A

Gentamicin, neomicin, stroptomycin

Inhibit formation of the initiation complex and cause misreading (also block translocation)

–>serious G(-) rod infections

Neprotoxic and ototoxic

50
Q

What drugs will increase the toxicity of aminoglycosides?

A

Loop diuretics

51
Q

How is doxycycline eliminated? What impact on usage does this have?

A

Fecally (Dukee-cycline)

Can be used in pts with renal failure

52
Q

Usage of demeclocycline

A

ADH antagonist–> Tx of SIADH

53
Q

Major indications for tetracycline therapy?

A

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

54
Q

Tetracycline teratogenicity

A

discoloration of teeth

55
Q

Used to tx sterptococcal infection in Pts allergic to penicillin

A

Macrolides

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

56
Q

Indications for macro-slides?

A

atypical pneumona–> mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella

STD–> chlamydia

G+ cocci in pts allergic to penicillin

57
Q

Antimicrobial drug that causes red-green color blindness

A

Ethambutol

Optic neuropathy

58
Q

What drug should always be given to neonates with suspected meningitis?

A

Ampicillin to cover listeria

59
Q

Purine analogue that is highly resistant to degredation by adenosine demainase and is use in the Tx of hair cell leukemia

A

Cladribine

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