DIT and Random Flashcards
Clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis
GRUELING
Granulomas
RA
Uveitis
Erythema nodosum
Lymphadenopathy
Idiopathic
Not TB
Gamma Globulinemia
What is seen in synovial asparate in gout?
Pseudogout?
Gout: - Birefringence with needle shaped crystals
Pseudogout: + birefringence with Rhomboid shapped crystals
Decreased AFP on amniocentesis
Trisomy 21
Psammoma bodies are observed in these patholigic conditions
Papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid
Serous cystAdenocarcinoma of ovary
Meningioma
Mesothelioma
PSAMMoma
Parotid gland enlargement in a thin female?
Bulima/Anorexia nervosa
Parotid gland enlargement is evidence of purging
Which DNA polymerase has 5’–>3’ exonuclease activity?
DNA Polymerase I
Which prokaryotic polymerase has 3’–>5’ exonuclease activity?
DNA polymerase III to proofread
Dark urine upon exposure to light
Acute intermittant porphyria
Uroporphyrinogen I Synthase defect
Major lamotrigine use and side effect?
Partial refractory seizures
Steven-johnson syndrome
Major adverse effect associated with Ethosuxamide
Steven-johnson syndrome
Location of GLUT-1,2,3,4,5
GLUTE-1: RBC and Brain
GLUTE-2: Liver, B islet cells, Kidney
GLUTE-3: Neurons
GLUTE-4: Skeletal muscle and Adipose
GLUTE-5: Frutose trnasporter in the GI
What structures are derived from the first aortic arch?
The maxillary artery
Structure derived from the second aortic arch?
Stapedial artery
(Stapedial is Second)
Third aortic arch
Common carotid and proximal internal carotid
(C is the **3rd **letter of the alphabet)
Fourth aortic arch
Left: Aortic Arch
Right: proximal part of right subclavian
6th aortic arch
Proximal part of the pulmonary arteries
Ductus arteriosus
Which embryonic layer are the folling dervied from:
Branchial Clefts
Branchial arches
Branchial pouches
Clfects: eCtoderm
Arches: mesoderm (ARMESoderm)
Pouches: Endoderm
or CAP from outside to inside
Cartilage, muscles and nerves derived from the first branchial arch?
Meckel’s cartilage, Mandible, Malleus, Mandibular ligament
Muscles: Muscles of Mastication, Masseter, lateral and Medial pterygoid, myelohyoid, anterior belly of digastric and tensor tymapni and tensor veli palitini
Nerves: V2 and V3
The M’s
2nd branchial arch cartilage, muscles, and nerves
The S’s
Cartilage: Stapes, Styloid preocess, Stylohyoid ligament
Muscles: Facial expression, Stapedius and Stylohyoid
Nerves: CN VII (Seven=Smile)
3rd branchial arch cartilage, muscles and nerves
“Pharyngeal”
Catilage: greater horn of hyoid
Muscles: stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve (CNVIII)
Arches 4-6 cartilage, muscles, and nerves
Cartilage: thyroid, cricoid, and other laryngeal cartilage
Muscles: 4th: Pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
Muscles: 6th: all intrinsic laryngeal except cricothyroid
Nerves: 4th: Superior laryngeal branch of CNX
Nerves: 6th: Recurrent laryngeal branch of CNX
Structures derived from the 3rd and 4th branchial pouches
3rd: inferior parathyroids and thymus
4th: **superior **parathyroids
Developes into the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
truncus areteriosis
forms the smooth part of the left and right ventricles
bulbus cordis
The primitive ventricle and primitive atria form
The trabeculated parts of the ventricles and trabeculated parts of the atria respectively
coronary sinus is formed by the
left horn of the sinus venosus
Right horn of the sinus venosus forms the
smooth part of the right atrium
SVC is formed by
the right common cardinal vein and the right anterior cardinal vein
What does HCV lack that makes it so prone to mutations?
3’–>5’ exonuclease activity
How is the fick principle used to calculate Cardiac Output?
CO= O2 consumption/(arterialO2-VenousO2)
These drugs are hypnotics that cause sedation and are also anxiolytics. What is their MOA?
BenZodiaZepines
Increase Cl channel frequenzzzzzz
What is the most common indolent non-hodgkin lymphoma in adults?
Follicular lymphoma
protein that regulates the G1–>S phase transition
How does it work?
Rb
Supresses transcription when in the hypophophrylated (active) state and is bound to EF2
When CyclinD and E and CDK4 and 6 (respectively) phophorylate Rb it becomes inactive and releases EF2 allowing transcription to take place
receptor that contains C and Adelta fibers and transmits pain and temperature
Free nerve endings
Sense pressure and deep static touch, are located in hair follicles…
What kind of fibers do they carry?
Merkel Discs
Carry large myelinated fibers and adapt slowly
Fine, light touch receptors that are located on hairless skin and adapt quickly…
What kind of fibers
Meisner corpuscles
Large myelinated fibers
Location, function, and fiber type associated with paccinian corpuscles
Large myelinated fibers
Deep skin, ligaments and joints
Sense vibration and pressure
Most common salivary glad tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma–> painless mobile mass composed of cartilage and epithelium and recurs frequently
Benign cyctic tumor with germinal centers found in the parotid gland
Warthin tumor
(papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)
msot common malignant salivary gland tumor
What is it composed of?
How does it present?
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
–>mucinous and squamous components
–>presents as a painful mass and commonly involves the facial nerve
acute, fatty, foul smelling diarrhea
Giardia
(pear shapped nuclei with tumbling motility)
Tx for giaridia
Metronidazole
RBC inside of trophozoites with multiple nuclei
Entomoeba histolytica
DOC for entomoeba histolytica
–Trophozoites with Metronidazole and tinidazole
–Cysts with iodoquinol and paromycin
Bugs treated with metronidazole?
**GET GAP **on the Metro
Giardia
Entomoeba
Trichomonas
Gardnerella
Anerobic bacteria
Pylori (H. pylori)
Triad of conginital toxoplasmosis?
Choriretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications
Tx of toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
Bug that causes african sleeping sickness
trypanosoma bruci (tsetse fly)
spiking fevers
hepatosplenomegaly
pancytopenia
Macrophages containing amastigotes
Leishmania donovani (sand fly)
Cutaneous ulcers that are slow to head after a bug bit?
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Anopheles mosquito
Malaria
48 hr fever cycle
P. vivax and ovale
Malaria assocatied with irregular fever
P. falciparum
72hr fever cycle
P. malariae
Vivax and oval can remain dormant so must be treated with what drug
Primaqine
Bananna shapped gametocyte
P. falciparum
Tx for malaria
Start with Chloroquine
If resistant add Mefloquine
if Vivax/Ovale (48hr cycle) add primaquine
Tx for babesiosis
Quinine and azithromycin
Neomatodes that are trasmitted orally (either Fecal-oral or ingestion)
Enterbius (pinworm-scotch tape)
Asacaris (giant roundworm–Loeffler eosinophilic pneumonitis)
Trichinella (bears–> in the muscle)
Stongyloids transmission and Tx
Penetrate skin of feet–>venous–>lungs blahblahblah
Ivermectin or albendazole
Three worms from feet penetrations
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator
d
Cestode that causes neurocystercerosis
Tanea solium