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Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Media used to isolate H. influenszae?

A

Chocolate agar

Factors V and X

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2
Q

Neisseria species are isolated on this agar

A

Thayer-martin or VPN

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3
Q

A child has whooping cough. What media is selective for the causitive agent?

A

Bordet-Gengou agar

(Bordet for Bordettella)

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4
Q

Diptheria is isolated on this agar

A

Tellurite or Loffler’s media

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5
Q

Caseating granulomas in an immigrant. What agar?

A

TB

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

(Think LBJ)

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6
Q

Person comes back from cruise or tropical vacation with pneumonia. What agar is specific for the causitive agent?

A

L. pneumophila

BCYE- Buffered charcoal yeast extract (Cysteine and iron buffer)

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7
Q

What are the encapsulated organisms?

A

S. pneumo

H. influenszae

N. meningitidis

E. coli

Salmonella

Klebsiella

Group B. Strep

SHiNE SKiS

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8
Q

People with chronic granulomatous disease (NADPH oxidase deficiency) have recurrent infections with these organisms

A

Pseudomonas

Listeria

Aspergillus

Candida

E. coli

S. aureus

Serratia

(You need PLACESS for your CATs)

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9
Q

C. diptheriae and P. aeruginosa use their toxins ______ and ______ respectively to induce this effect.

A

C. dpitheriae–> Diptheria toxin

P. aeruginosa–> Exotoxin A

Both inhibit EF-2 and therefore cause cell death

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10
Q

Shigella and EHEC (O157:H7) toxins have a similar MOA. What is the name of the toxin(s) and how do they differ?

A

Shigella–> Shiga toxin

EHEC–> Shiga-like toxin

Both inactivate the 60s ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA and cause cell death.

–> Differ in that EHEC does not invade the host cells

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11
Q

What is the MOA behind EHEC and Shigella induced HUS?

A

Excessive cytokine release

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12
Q

ETEC has two toxins. How do they differ in their stability and MOA?

A

Heat Labile toxin–> increases cAMP by binding adenylate cyclase (Increase Cl- flux and H2O loss)

Heat stable toxin–> binds to and activated guanylate cyclase increaseing cGMP (decreases Na resorbtion)

Think labile in the Airandstableon the Ground

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13
Q

How do TSST-1 and Exotxin A (S. pyo) compare in their MOA?

A

They exert the same effect

–> Bring MHC-II and the TCR in close proximity causing T-cell activation–> release of IL-2 and INF-y–> Shock

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14
Q

What kind of bacteria produce endotoxins? How can we remember the effect?

A

Gram (-) bacteria lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane

“ENDOTOXIN”

Edema

NO release

DIC/Death

Outer membrane

TNF-a

O-antigen

eXtremely heat stable

IL-1

Neutrophil degranulation

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15
Q

Novobiocin reststant v. sensitive?

A

Sensitive–> S. epidermidis

Resistant–> S. saprophyticus

(Skin (epidermidis) is sensitive. Newlyweds (Novo and UTI) are resistant to abstience)

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16
Q

How to remember optichin sensitivity

A

OVRPS

Optichin–> Viridans is Resistant and Pneumonia is Sensitive

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17
Q

How to remember bacitracin resistance.

A

B-SABR

Bacitracin–> Sensitive group A strep (Pyo) and Resistant group B strep (agalactiae).

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18
Q

H. pylori tripple therapy

A

PPI

Clarithromycin

Amoxicillin or Metronidazole

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19
Q

Transmission and source for:

Borrelia recurrentis

Brucella

Campylobacter

Coxiella brunetti

A

Borrelia recurrentis–> recurrent fever from louse

Brucella–> unpasturized dairy

Campylobacter–> puppies, livestock, pork

Coxiella brunetti–> cattle placenta

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20
Q

Trasmitted by the lonestar tick

A

Ehrlichiosis

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21
Q

Transmitted by armadillos

A

Leprosy

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22
Q

RMSF transmitted by

A

Dermacentor tick

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23
Q

Anchovy past liver abscesses (flask shapped if submucosal)–> what bug

A

entamoeba histolytica

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24
Q

African sleeping sickness transmitted by the

A

Tsetse fly–> painful bite

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25
Q

Wuchereria bancroti disease and vector?

A

Elephantiasis

Trasmitted by Mosquito

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26
Q

Chagas disease trasmitted by

A

Reduviid Bug

27
Q

Oncocera volvulus causes

transmitted by the

A

African river blindness

Black fly

28
Q

Sand fly transmitts

A

Leishmaniasis

29
Q

Bear hunter with myalgia and low grade fever

A

Trichinella spiralis

30
Q

Non-enveloped RNA virus families

A

Calcivirus

Picornavirus

Reovirus

Hepevirus

31
Q

Non-enveloped DNA virus families

A

Parvovirus

Adenovirus

Papillomavirus

Polyomavirus

32
Q

Where do DNA viruses typically replicate with what exceptions?

A

In the nucleus

Exceptions are Pox viruses: Smallpox and molluscum contagiosum–> replicate in cytoplasm

33
Q

Where do most RNA viruses replicate? What are the exceptions?

A

Cytoplasm

Exceptions: Influensza and Retroviruses

34
Q

Reassortment occurs between what kind of virsuses?

–> leads to pandemics

A

RNA viruses only

35
Q

recombination occurs between what kind of viruses?

A

typically DNA viruses (and RNA with a DNA phase)

36
Q

Phenotypic mixing

A

Progeny viruses recieves surface proteins from both virsuses, but the DNA of the progeny is unchanged. This means the Surface proteins in the next gen will be normal again

37
Q

Most DNA viruses are __DNA the exception is ______

A

dsDNA

Parvovirus has ssDNA

38
Q

Most DNA genomes are circular or linear? Exceptions?

A

Linear

Exceptions: Papillomavirus, Polyomavirsu (both circular)

Hepadnavirus- partially circular

39
Q

Most RNA viruses are ___RNA. Exceptions include…

A

ssRNA

Exceptions are reovirus and rotovirus (dsRNA)

40
Q

Most RNA are (+ or -)

A

+

41
Q

Naked dsDNA is not infectious in what viruses

A

Poxvirus and Hep B

42
Q

DNA virus families

A

Herpesvirus

Hepadnavirus

Adenovirus

Parvovirus

Papillomavirus

Polyomavirus

Poxvirus

(HHAPPPP)

43
Q

Enveloped DNA viruses include

A

Herpes virsuses

Hepadnaviruses (HBV)

Pox virus (smallpox and mulluscum contageosum)

Herpes and Hepatitis come wrapped in a Pox (box)

44
Q

Live attenuated virus vaccines

A

Smallpox

yellow fever

chicken pox

MMR

Sabine polio (oral)

Herpes xoster

Influenza (nasal)

Rotavirus

45
Q

Recombinant viral vaccines

A

HBV and HPV

46
Q

Is it okay to give HIV pts live vaccines?

A

Yes actually…

The two that are okay: MMR and Varicella with a CD4> 200

NOT IN AIDS

47
Q

Killed virus vaccines

A

Injectible influensza

Rabies

Hep A

Salk polio (injectable)

48
Q

Subunit vaccines

A

Hep B

HPV

49
Q

Vaccines that use chicken eggs?

CI’ed in…

A

Influensza

MMR

Yellow fever

Egg allergy people (anaplactic reaction)

50
Q

Naked viruses….

A

Hepevirus

Papilloma

Adeno

Parvo

Polyoma

Picorna and Calicivirus

Remember: A Naked Heppi (hippy) gave me a PAPP smear when I went to **REO **from Cali.

51
Q

Coltivirus causes

A

Colorado tick fever

Wood tick–> acute self-limited flu like illness

52
Q

Enteroviruses

A

PERCH

Poliovirus

Echovirus

Rhinovirus

Coxsackievirus–> HFM disease (A), aseptic meningitis, myocarditis and pericaditis(B)

HAV

53
Q

Major calicivirus…

Etiology

A

Norwalk virus

Cruise ships…coming out both ends

54
Q

Hepetitis C family

A

Favivirus

(also includes Yellow fever, dengue, St. louid encepahlitis, and West Nile)

55
Q

Most common mosquito born illness world wide

How is it diagnosed?

A

Dengue fever (bone break fever)

Muscle and joint pain, headache and retro-orbital pain

–> Tourniquet test–> inflate and look for petechia indicative of thrombocytopenia

56
Q

Cadida associated with what pH?

A

Acidic pH

57
Q

Treatment for candida:

Vaginal

Oral/esophageal

Systemic

A

Vaginal- topical Azole

Oral/Esophageal- Nystatin (swish and swallow) fluconazole or caspofungin

Systemic- Fluconazole, amphoterocin B (IC pts) of caspofungin

58
Q

Narrow based budding and india ink stain

A

Cryptococcus neoformans–> soap bubble sign

59
Q

Wide/Right angle non-septate hyphae

Acute angle fungi

A

Wide/Right angle: Mucor and Rhizopus

Acute angle: Aspirgillus fumigatus

60
Q

Tx of Aspirgillus

A

Amphoterocin B or a -conazole

61
Q

Bad sequalea of mucormycosis

A

rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscess (real bad)

Give amphoterocin B

62
Q

4 dermatophytic molds

A

Mycosproum

Tricophyton

Epidermophyton

Malasezzia Furfur

63
Q

Abdominal Sx with PAS+ granules in macrophages

A

Tropheryma whipelli

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