Mnemonics Flashcards
Anti-muscarinics actions and common drugs
Inhibits Parasympathetic And Sweet
Ipratropium
Pirensepine
Atropine
Scopolamine
Cariogenic bacteria species
SALIVA
Streptococcus mutans, mitis, sanguinis and salivarius Actinomyces viscolactis Lactobacilli species I (last letter of lactobacilli) Veillonella species Actinomyces naeslundi
**S. sanguinis is implicated as the bacterial strain that adheres to tooth structure FIRST, allowing other bacteria to adhere later. Remember that it is first because S is first in SALIVA and penguins suck
Bacteriostatic antibiotics
ECSTATiC about bacteriostatics
Erythromycin Clindamycin Sulfonamides Tetracycline Azithromycin Trimethoprim Chloramphenicol
Bacteriocidal antibiotics
Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder
Vancomycin Fluoroquinolones Penicillins Aminoglycosides Cephalosporins Metronidazole
Benzodiazepine metabolism
Outside The Liver
Oxazepam
Temazepam
Lorazepam
*3 benzodiazepins that undergo extrahepatic metabolism and DO NOT form active metabolites
Caries diagnosis criteria
FLOSS to diagnose caries
Flaking of enamel Loss of translucency Opacity Sticking of explorers Softening of tooth structure
Beta Blockers
the 8 beta blockers “The NEPAL Prime Minister” “olol”
Timolol Nadolol Esmolol Pindolol Atenolol Labetalol Propranolol Metoprolol
Malignant melanoma diagnosis early signs
“ABCDE” for early signs of melanoma
- Asymmetry
- Borders (irregular)
- Color (multicolored)
- Diameter (greater than 6mm, about the size of a pencil eraser)
- Evolving over time
malignant nodular melanoma diagnosis
the most dangerous form of melanoma is NODULAR melanoma… diagnosed by EFG
Elevated above the skin surface
Firm to the touch
Growing
Corticosteroids adverse effects
CUSHINGS BAD MD
- Cataracts
- Up all night (sleep disturbances)
- Suppression of HPA axis
- Hypertension
- Infections
- Necrosis (avascular)
- Gain weight
- Striae
- Buffalo hump
- Acne
- Diabetes
- Myopathy, moon face
- Depression and emotional changes
Diuretics groups
Leak Over The CAN (aka urinate over toilet)
Loop diuretics Osmotics Thiazides Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Aldosterone inhibitors Na (sodium) channel blockers
Two rules that help determine placement of an object between two radiographs?
If an object moves in the OPPOSITE direction as the xray it is BUCCAL
SLOB: Same Lingual Opposite Buccal
BOMM: Buccal Object Moves Most
Histamine features
HISTAMINE
- HCL production
- Inflammation
- Strong vasodilator
- Therapeutic value: none
- Allergy
- Mast Cells
- Neurotransmitter, Narrow airways
- IgE
Value means?
Patients VALUE white teeth
Lighter colors are increased value
Darker colors are of decreased value
Hypersensitivity reactions
ACID:
- Anaphylaxis
- Cytotoxic mediated
- Immune complex mediated
- Delayed hypersensitivity
or ABCD
- Anaphylaxis
- antiBody mediated
- immune Complex mediated
- Delayed hypersensitivity
Muscarinic receptor effects
SLUG BAM
- Salivation, Secretions, Sweating
- Lacrimation
- Urination
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction, Bowel movement
- Abdominal cramps, Anorexia
- Miosis
Nicotinic Receptor Effects
Nicotin effects “M-T-W-Th-F” days of week
- Mydriases, Muscle cramps
- Tachycardia
- Weakness
- Twitching
- Hypertension, Hyperglycemia
- Fasiculation
Opiate overdose description (poem)
Cool to the touch, unresponsive to pain
Hunger diminished and scars over vein
Pupils pinpointed and blood pressure low
Urine diminished and breathing is slow
Opioid side effects
MORPHINE
- Miosis
- Out of it (sedation)
- Respiratory depression
- Pneumonia (aspiration)
- Hypotension
- Infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)
- Nausaea
- Emesis
Organophosphate poisoning effects by muscarinic receptors
MUDGELS
- Miosis
- Urination
- Defecation
- Gastrointestinal motility
- Emesis
- Lacrimation
- Salivation
Phenytoin side effects
PHENYTOIN
- P450 interactions
- Hirsutism
- Enlarged gums
- Nystagmus
- Yellow browning of skin
- Teratogenicity
- Osteomalacia
- Interference with B12 metabolism (hence anemia)
- Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache
Physostigmine vs neostigmine
LMNOP: Physostigmine
- Lipid soluble
- Miotic
- Natural
- Orally absorbed well
- Physostigmine
WUSP: neostigmine
- Water soluble
- Used in myasthenia gravis
- Synthetic
- Poor oral absorption
Sulfa drugs common characteristics
SULFA
- Steven-Johnson syndrome, Skin rash, Solubility low
- Urine precipitation, Useful for UTI
- Large spectrum (Gram positives AND negatives)
- Folic acids synthesis blocker (and synthesis of nucleic acids)
- Analog of PABA
Tuberculosis treatment
PRIEST
- Pyrazinamide
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid (INH)
- Ethambutol
- Streptomycin
