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Boards 2 > Mnemonics > Flashcards

Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-muscarinics actions and common drugs

A

Inhibits Parasympathetic And Sweet

Ipratropium
Pirensepine
Atropine
Scopolamine

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2
Q

Cariogenic bacteria species

A

SALIVA

Streptococcus mutans, mitis, sanguinis and salivarius
Actinomyces viscolactis
Lactobacilli species
I (last letter of lactobacilli)
Veillonella species
Actinomyces naeslundi

**S. sanguinis is implicated as the bacterial strain that adheres to tooth structure FIRST, allowing other bacteria to adhere later. Remember that it is first because S is first in SALIVA and penguins suck

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3
Q

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

A

ECSTATiC about bacteriostatics

Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Sulfonamides
Tetracycline
Azithromycin
Trimethoprim
Chloramphenicol
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4
Q

Bacteriocidal antibiotics

A

Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder

Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolones
Penicillins
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Metronidazole
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5
Q

Benzodiazepine metabolism

A

Outside The Liver

Oxazepam
Temazepam
Lorazepam

*3 benzodiazepins that undergo extrahepatic metabolism and DO NOT form active metabolites

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6
Q

Caries diagnosis criteria

A

FLOSS to diagnose caries

Flaking of enamel
Loss of translucency
Opacity
Sticking of explorers
Softening of tooth structure
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7
Q

Beta Blockers

A

the 8 beta blockers “The NEPAL Prime Minister” “olol”

Timolol
Nadolol
Esmolol
Pindolol
Atenolol
Labetalol
Propranolol
Metoprolol
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8
Q

Malignant melanoma diagnosis early signs

A

“ABCDE” for early signs of melanoma

  • Asymmetry
  • Borders (irregular)
  • Color (multicolored)
  • Diameter (greater than 6mm, about the size of a pencil eraser)
  • Evolving over time
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9
Q

malignant nodular melanoma diagnosis

A

the most dangerous form of melanoma is NODULAR melanoma… diagnosed by EFG

Elevated above the skin surface
Firm to the touch
Growing

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10
Q

Corticosteroids adverse effects

A

CUSHINGS BAD MD

  • Cataracts
  • Up all night (sleep disturbances)
  • Suppression of HPA axis
  • Hypertension
  • Infections
  • Necrosis (avascular)
  • Gain weight
  • Striae
  • Buffalo hump
  • Acne
  • Diabetes
  • Myopathy, moon face
  • Depression and emotional changes
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11
Q

Diuretics groups

A

Leak Over The CAN (aka urinate over toilet)

Loop diuretics
Osmotics
Thiazides
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Aldosterone inhibitors
Na (sodium) channel blockers
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12
Q

Two rules that help determine placement of an object between two radiographs?

A

If an object moves in the OPPOSITE direction as the xray it is BUCCAL

SLOB: Same Lingual Opposite Buccal
BOMM: Buccal Object Moves Most

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13
Q

Histamine features

A

HISTAMINE

  • HCL production
  • Inflammation
  • Strong vasodilator
  • Therapeutic value: none
  • Allergy
  • Mast Cells
  • Neurotransmitter, Narrow airways
  • IgE
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14
Q

Value means?

A

Patients VALUE white teeth

Lighter colors are increased value
Darker colors are of decreased value

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15
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions

A

ACID:

  • Anaphylaxis
  • Cytotoxic mediated
  • Immune complex mediated
  • Delayed hypersensitivity

or ABCD

  • Anaphylaxis
  • antiBody mediated
  • immune Complex mediated
  • Delayed hypersensitivity
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16
Q

Muscarinic receptor effects

A

SLUG BAM

  • Salivation, Secretions, Sweating
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Gastrointestinal upset
  • Bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction, Bowel movement
  • Abdominal cramps, Anorexia
  • Miosis
17
Q

Nicotinic Receptor Effects

A

Nicotin effects “M-T-W-Th-F” days of week

  • Mydriases, Muscle cramps
  • Tachycardia
  • Weakness
  • Twitching
  • Hypertension, Hyperglycemia
  • Fasiculation
18
Q

Opiate overdose description (poem)

A

Cool to the touch, unresponsive to pain
Hunger diminished and scars over vein
Pupils pinpointed and blood pressure low
Urine diminished and breathing is slow

19
Q

Opioid side effects

A

MORPHINE

  • Miosis
  • Out of it (sedation)
  • Respiratory depression
  • Pneumonia (aspiration)
  • Hypotension
  • Infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)
  • Nausaea
  • Emesis
20
Q

Organophosphate poisoning effects by muscarinic receptors

A

MUDGELS

  • Miosis
  • Urination
  • Defecation
  • Gastrointestinal motility
  • Emesis
  • Lacrimation
  • Salivation
21
Q

Phenytoin side effects

A

PHENYTOIN

  • P450 interactions
  • Hirsutism
  • Enlarged gums
  • Nystagmus
  • Yellow browning of skin
  • Teratogenicity
  • Osteomalacia
  • Interference with B12 metabolism (hence anemia)
  • Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache
22
Q

Physostigmine vs neostigmine

A

LMNOP: Physostigmine

  • Lipid soluble
  • Miotic
  • Natural
  • Orally absorbed well
  • Physostigmine

WUSP: neostigmine

  • Water soluble
  • Used in myasthenia gravis
  • Synthetic
  • Poor oral absorption
23
Q

Sulfa drugs common characteristics

A

SULFA

  • Steven-Johnson syndrome, Skin rash, Solubility low
  • Urine precipitation, Useful for UTI
  • Large spectrum (Gram positives AND negatives)
  • Folic acids synthesis blocker (and synthesis of nucleic acids)
  • Analog of PABA
24
Q

Tuberculosis treatment

A

PRIEST

  • Pyrazinamide
  • Rifampin
  • Isoniazid (INH)
  • Ethambutol
  • Streptomycin
25
Q

Extrinsic eye muscle innervation

A

LR6, SO4, AO3

Lateral Rectus innervated by CN 6
Superior Oblique innervated by CN 4
All other extrinsic muscles innervated by CN 3

26
Q

Combination Syndrome

A

Before Failing Exams, Pretty Please Don’t Faint

  • Bone loss in the premaxilla
  • Flabby posterior maxilla (tuberosities)
  • Extrusion of the lower anterior teeth
  • Posterior bone loss in the mandible under the RPD
  • Papillary hyperplasia of the maxilla
  • Decreased vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO)
  • Facial aesthetics often altered dramatically due to loss of VDO

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