Endo Facts Flashcards by Rebecca Beckler

dichlorodifluoromethane

endo ice - for cold testing

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worst test for both pulp and perio diagnosis?

EPT

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best test for pulp and perio diagnosis?

pulp= cold
perio= percussion and palpation

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most important technical aspect to RCT?

access prep

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shape of accesses?

anterior= triangle
canine= ovoid
PM= ovoid
MX molars= rhomboid or blunted triangle
MN molars= trapazoid

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which PM is most likely to have two roots?

MX 1st PM

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SS Hand files vs NiTi rotary files

SS (stainless steele)= .02 taper

- K-file (Kerr)- square, watch winding method
-H-file (Hedstrom)- spiral cone, only cuts in retraction

NiTi rotary files= .04-.06 taper, latch

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color of endo files order

white, yellow, red, blue, green black (WYRBGB)

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gates gilded vs barbed broaches vs reamer intruments

GG= open orifices for straight line
BB= entangle and remove
Reamer= twisted triangle

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sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)

irrigant, dissolves ORGANIC material

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crown down vs step back cleaning&shaping

crown down= big to small, rotary

step back= small to big, hand

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Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)

chelating agent, lubricant, dissolves INORGANIC material (smear layer)

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Microbes in primary endo infect?

bacteroides (G-, obligate)

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Microbes in secondary endo infect (retreat)?

Enterococcus faecalis (G+, facultative)

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trephination

surgical opening for hard tissue to release exudate and pressure

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Chloroform

dissolves GP in retreatment

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negotiation

use of smaller instruments to bypass a ledge

periapical microsurgery facts

bevel/angle root tip 0-10 degrees
retrofil 3mm
fill with MTA

BIG NiTi files pro and con

Pro= flexible, less likely to ledge
Con= flexible, more likely to fracture

canal transformation

file tries to straighten canal, makes ledge, BAD, artificial

mineral trioxide aggreagate

MTA, internal repair or filling material for apical micro surgeries

stimulates cementoblasts to produce hard tissue
3 minerals: calcium, silicon, aluminum

CONS

bismuth oxide= opacifier, shows on xray and can stain teeth so avoid on anteriors
long 3 hr setting time

PRO

sets in presense of moisture
antimicroial
nonresorbable so great for sealing

TRAVMA

Tetanus booster (avulsions only)
Radiographs
Antibiotics (avulsions only)
Vitality
More
Appointments

Strip perforation

distal side of mesial root on MN molars due to excessive coronal flaring

Ellis Classifications

class 1= 1 layer
2= 2 layers
3= 3 layers
4= becomes non-vital
5= moves (luxation)
6= lose (avulsion)

uncomplicated vs complicated fracture

uncomplicated= without pulp exposure - - enamel- smooth - - enamel plus dentin= restore complicated= with pulp exposure - - less than 24hr- DPC - - 24hr or more- Cvek aka partial pulpotomy - - 72+ hr -Pulpotomy (remove entire coronal pulp)

concussion vs subluxation

concussion- no mobility, no bleeding, no displacement but sore PDL... let it rest subluxation- no displacement but increased mobility, PDL is ripped and bleeding... flexible splint

worst prognosis for an necrotic tooth?

intrusion with a closed apex

avulsion vs extrusion?

avulsion- completely lose tooth extrusion- partial extruded from socket

what to do with avulsed perm tooth?

closed and <60min = reimplant and splint open and <60min= same^ except apexification at first sign of infection closed >60min= reimplant, splint, RCT open and >60min= maybe reimplant? plan for implant

Hank Balanced Salt Solution

storage media for avulsed tooth | *milk, saline and saliva work too

external vs internal resorption

external - damaged cementoblastic layer in periodontium starts resorption - poorly defined margins - MOVES with XRAYS internal - damage to odontoblastic - better prognosis, RCT - defined margins - does NOT move with xray

replacement resorption

- ankylosis, replaces PDL with bone | - external

Cervical resorption

- subepithelial sulcular infection from trauma or nonvital teeth bleaching - external

inflammatory root resorption

bacteria and byproducts from necrotic pulp travel through dentinal tubules to affect periodontium

Formocresol

used in pulpotomy for the fixation zone

calcific metamorphosis

trauma induces odontoblasts to rapidly make reparative dentin within pulp, yellow-orange tooth and more likely with open apices

calcium hydroxide

stimulates secondary odontoblasts to repair with dentinal bridge formation (aka tertiary dentin) * HIGH pH of 12.5!!!!

Buckley's Formocresol made mostly of?

35% - cresol 19% - formaldehyde 15% - glycerine 31% - water bactericidal + "fixative"

``` indirect pulp cap vs direct pulp cap vs partial pulpotomy(cvek) vs pulpotomy vs pulpectomy vs RCT ```

indirect - CaOH or RGMI on thin partition of dentin direct pulp cap - CaOH or RGMI directly on dentin Cvek - shallow pulpotomy pulpotomy- full removal of pulp pulpectomy- RCT w/o gutta perch, temporary RCT - full removal coronal and radicular pulp with gutta percha

apexogenesis vs apexification

apexogenesis - vital tooth, used to maintain pulp vitality in order stimulate root development for immature perm teeth * CaOH or MTA placed on healthy or diseased pulp apexification - immature perm tooth is dead so you just want to seal root * CaOH or MTA placed at base of canal after pulp removal