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Part 1 > MNEMONICS > Flashcards

MNEMONICS Flashcards

1
Q

Things that cause angioid streaks?

A

PEPSI

P = Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (MOST COMMON)

E = Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

P = Paget’s Disease

S = Sickle Cell

I = Idiopathic

NOTE: 70% of angioid streaks have some form of vision loss (CNVM)

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2
Q

What are things that cause a break in Bruch’s membrane - CNVM?

A

CH-BALA

C = Choroidal rupture

H = Histoplasmosis

B = Best’s Disease

A = AMD

L = Lacquer cracks

A = Angiod Streaks

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3
Q

Things that cause a pre-retinal neo or pre-ret/vit heme?

A

DR. VOS

D = DR

R = ROP

V = Venous Occlusions

O = Ocular Ischemic Syndrome

S = Sickle cell retinopathy

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4
Q

Branches of the Ophthalmic Artery?

A

CL MS LSE

C = CRA

L = Lacrimal

M = Muscula

S = SPCA

L = LPCA

S = Suprachoroidal

E = Ethmoidal

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5
Q

Branches of ICA?

A

O-PAM

O = Ophthalmic

P = Posterior communicating artery

A = Anterior cerebral artery

M = Middle Cerebral artery

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6
Q

Bones of the Orbital Floor?

A

My Pal Z

M=Maxillary
P=Palatine
Z=zygomatic

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7
Q

Grading system for thyroid ophthalmopathy?

A

NO SPECS

N=no signs or symptoms

O=only signs, no symptoms (Dalrymple’s sign)

S=Soft tissue involvement (lid edema, chemosis)

P=Proptosis

E=EOM involvement (IMSLO)

C=Corneal involvement (SLK, ulcer)

S=Sight loss (nerve compression)

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8
Q

Conditions that cause follicles?

A

CHAT with follicles

C=Chlamydia
H=Herpes
A=Adenovirus
T=Toxic (Brimonidine, molluscum contagiosum)

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9
Q

3 causes of Papillae?

A
  1. Allergic
  2. Bacterial
  3. Non-specific (friction: GPC, CL wear, floppy lids)
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10
Q

Differentials for SEVERE OCULAR pain? NOTE: I don’t want to get sued and lose mi CASA!

A

CASA

C=Corneal pathology

A=Anterior uveitis

S=Scleritis

A=Angle closure

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11
Q

Differentials for severe intellectual disability?

A

TORCH

T=Toxoplasmosis
O=Other
R=Rubella
C=CMV
H=HIV
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12
Q

Conditions that cause Recurrent Corneal Erosions?

A

REM sleep

R=Reis-Bucklers Dystrophy

E=EBMD

M=Meesmans dystrophy

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13
Q

What are the causes of stromal dystrophy?

A

Marilyn Monroe
Got Hers
LA

Macular Dystrophy=Mucopolysaccharides deposits

Granular Dystrophy=Hyaline Deposits

Lattice Dystrophy=Amyloid deposits

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14
Q

Conditions that can penetrate an intact corneal epithelium?

A

CHANNEL

C=Corynebacterium diphtheria
H=Haemophilus
A=Acanthameoba 
N=Neisseria gonorrhea
N=Neisseria meningitidis
L=Listeria
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15
Q

What are the conditions that are associated with PRE-SENILE CATARACTS?

A

MAD Wilson lacks calcium

M=myotonic dystrophy
A=atopic dermatitis
D=DM

Wilson’s disease
Hypocalcemia

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16
Q

What are the Risk Factors for uveal melanoma?

A

To Find Small Ocular Melanomas Using Helpful Hints Daily

T=thickness (elevation > 2mm)
F=Fluid (subretinal)
S=symptoms (floaters, blur)
O=orange pigment (overlying lipofuscin)
M=margins (irregular borders)
U=ultrasound 
H=hollowness
H=halo absence
D=drusen absence
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17
Q

What are the systemic conditions associated with keratoconus?

A

T-DOME

T=Turner's syndrome
D=Down's syndrome
O=Osteogenesis imperfecta
M=Marfan's Syndrome
E=Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Also atopic dermatitis, mitral valve prolapse, and sleep apnea

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18
Q

What are causes of Whorl Keratopathy?

A

Fabry Whorls his CHAI Tea

F=Fabry's Disease
C=Chloroquine
H=Hydroxychloroquine
A=Amiodarone
I=Indomethacin
T=Tamoxifen
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19
Q

How do you evaluate a malignant melanoma?

A 
ABCDE
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color difference
Diameter (large)
Enlarging
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20
Q

Conditions that cause Bull’s Eye Maculopathy?

A

Some People Can’t Handle the Bull

Stargardt's
Progressive Cone Dystrophy
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Thioridazine
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21
Q

What causes Pseudo-Tumor Cerebri?

A

CATS

Contraceptives
Accutane
Tetracyclines
Synthyroid, sulfonamides, steroids

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22
Q

What are the nerves that travel through the CTR (common tendenous ring) vs those that go above?

A 
Through:
NOA
Nasociliary (CNV1)
Oculomotor (CN3)
Abducens (CN6)
Above:
FLT
Frontal (CNV1)
Lacrimal (CNV1)
Trochlear (CN4)
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23
Q

Medial bones of the orbit?

A

SMEL

Sphenoid
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Lacrimal

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24
Q

Frontal Orbit has which bones?

A

Front-Less

Frontal
Lesser wing of Sphenoid

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25
Q

Later Orbit has which bones?

A

Great Z

Zygomatic
Greater wing of sphenoid

26
Q

Which nerves go through the cavernous sinus?

A

CN3, 4, 5, V1, V2

27
Q

Which nerves do not go through the cavernous sinus?

A

V3 and V7 do NOT go through

28
Q

Layers of the retina from inner to outter?

A 
ILM
NFL
GCL
IPL
INL
OPL
ONL
ELM
PR
RPE
29
Q

Sympathetics get their innervation from which (SPCN or LPCN)? Where to the sympathetic fibers travel to?

A

LPCN

They travel to the DILATOR

NOTE: sympathetic post-ganglionics are LONGER

30
Q

What are the orientation of fibers in the optic tract?

A

SMIL(e)

Superior moves medially

Inferior moves laterally

31
Q

What cause hypersensitivity reactions?

A

ACID

Anaphylactic (IgE, histamine)

Cytotoxic (IgM, IgG)

Immune-Complex-Mediated (Ag-Ab complexes)

Delated or cell-mediated (T cells)

32
Q

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s?

A

TRAP

Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural instability

33
Q

What is seen in Crohn’s?

A

Creeping fat, skip lesions

Cobblestone mucosa

34
Q

What is the normal EOG Arden Ratio?

A

> 1.80

35
Q

What are the systemic side effects of Dihydrofolate (DHF) reductase inhibitors?

A

Treats Marrow Poorly

T=Trimethoprine
M=Methotrexate
P=Pyrimethamine

36
Q

Drugs that cause NAION?

A

VIVA (la vida loca)

Viagra
Immitrex (Triptan for migraines)
Vardenafil
Amiodarone

37
Q

Which TB me causes red tears and optic neuritis respectively?

A

Rifampin

Ethambutol

38
Q

Anti-histamine and mast cell stabilizer combos?

A

PEZ-BOP

Pataday
Elestat
Zaditor
Bepreve
Optivar
Patanol
39
Q

What are the drugs that work against MRSA?

A

MRSA Can Be Very Difficult

Clindamycin
Bactrim
Vancomycin
Doxycycline

40
Q

What are 6 things that cause emboli?

A

a FATBAT

Fat (bone fracture)
Air (pneumothorax)
Thrombus (MOST COMMON)
Bacteria (endocarditis)
Amniotic fluid
Tumor
41
Q

What do anti-cholinergic drugs cause?

A

Dry eyes
Mydriasis
INC IOP

42
Q

Which medications have anti-cholinergic effects?

A

ANTI drugs

  1. Anti-anxiety
  2. Anti-psychotics
  3. Anti-depressants
  4. Anti-histamine

Diazepam
Chlorpromazine, thioridazine
Amitriptyline, imipramine, phenelzine
Promtehazine, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine

43
Q

What are the contra-indications of phenyl 10%?

A 
TCA
MAOI
Grave's
Atropine
Bad heart
HTN crisis
44
Q

What are drugs that can be taken on an EMPTY STOMACH?

A

PAT an empty stomach

Penicillin
Azithromycin
Tetracycline

45
Q

What drugs should you not give in pregnancy?

A

FAT (don’t call preg lady this)

Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

46
Q

What drugs are safe for a pregnant women?

A

PAC for the baby

Penicillins
Azithromycin (safest)
Cephalosporins

47
Q

What are the side effects of Ribavirin?

A 
RD
Ischemia
Bleeding
Artery occlusion
Vein occlusion
Optic Neuritis

NOTE: this drug is always used in conjunction w interferon to Tx Hep C

48
Q

Beta 1 Selective Drugs?

A

MAB

Metoprolol
Atenolol
Betaxolol (topical)

49
Q

Drugs that cause pigmentary retinopathy?

A

I Can’t Tx Pigment

Indomethacin (NSAID)
Chloropromazine (anti-psychotic)
Thioridazine (anti-psychotic)
Promethazine (1st gen anti-histamine)

50
Q

Which lens would you put slab off prism on (more minus or plus lens)?

A

More Minus lens! Thicker edge duh

51
Q

What are the drugs that cause optic neuritis?

A

MRS. DICE!!!!

Methotrexate
Rifampin
Sulfonamides/streptomycin

Digoxin
Isoniazid
Chloramphenical/contraceptives
Ethambutol

52
Q

Which drugs cause HEPATOTOXICITY?

A

Liver TRAPS

Tylenol
Rifampin
Acyclovir
Plaquenil
Statins
53
Q

What are the basophil hormones of the anterior pituitary?

A

FLAT base

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

54
Q

What are the acidophil hormones of the anterior pituitary?

A

PiG on ACID? lol ok

Prolactin
Growth Hormone

55
Q

What is the order of retinal cell development?

A

Give Her a CAB Ride Man

RPE
Ganglion cells
Horizontal cells
Cones
Amacrine
Bipolar
Rods
Muller
56
Q

Where are saccades produced from?

A

Contralateral FEF/ Superior Colliculus

57
Q

What are drugs that cause MYOPIC shifts?

A

STOP

Sulfonamides
Topiramate/Thiazides
Oral CAIs
Pilocarpine

58
Q

What is produced in each layer of the adrenal cortex?

A

G = zonula glomerulosa = aldosterone (mineral corticoid - salt)

F = zonula fasciculata = cortisol (glucocorticoid = sugar)

R = zonula Reticularis = androgen (sex)

59
Q

What are the actions of the 3 types of epithelium?

A

SAD epithelium

Secretions (cuboidal)
Absorption (columnar)
Diffusion (squamous)

60
Q

What are the layers of the skin from superficial to deep?

A

Cute Ladies Get Smart Boys

Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basale

Part 1 (31 decks)

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