MNEMONICS Flashcards by Richard Unknown

Things that cause angioid streaks?

PEPSI

P = Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (MOST COMMON)

E = Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

P = Paget’s Disease

S = Sickle Cell

I = Idiopathic

NOTE: 70% of angioid streaks have some form of vision loss (CNVM)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are things that cause a break in Bruch’s membrane - CNVM?

CH-BALA

C = Choroidal rupture

H = Histoplasmosis

B = Best’s Disease

A = AMD

L = Lacquer cracks

A = Angiod Streaks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Things that cause a pre-retinal neo or pre-ret/vit heme?

DR. VOS

D = DR

R = ROP

V = Venous Occlusions

O = Ocular Ischemic Syndrome

S = Sickle cell retinopathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branches of the Ophthalmic Artery?

CL MS LSE

C = CRA

L = Lacrimal

M = Muscula

S = SPCA

L = LPCA

S = Suprachoroidal

E = Ethmoidal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branches of ICA?

O-PAM

O = Ophthalmic

P = Posterior communicating artery

A = Anterior cerebral artery

M = Middle Cerebral artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bones of the Orbital Floor?

My Pal Z

M=Maxillary
P=Palatine
Z=zygomatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Grading system for thyroid ophthalmopathy?

NO SPECS

N=no signs or symptoms

O=only signs, no symptoms (Dalrymple’s sign)

S=Soft tissue involvement (lid edema, chemosis)

P=Proptosis

E=EOM involvement (IMSLO)

C=Corneal involvement (SLK, ulcer)

S=Sight loss (nerve compression)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conditions that cause follicles?

CHAT with follicles

C=Chlamydia
H=Herpes
A=Adenovirus
T=Toxic (Brimonidine, molluscum contagiosum)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 causes of Papillae?

Allergic
Bacterial
Non-specific (friction: GPC, CL wear, floppy lids)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Differentials for SEVERE OCULAR pain? NOTE: I don’t want to get sued and lose mi CASA!

CASA

C=Corneal pathology

A=Anterior uveitis

S=Scleritis

A=Angle closure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Differentials for severe intellectual disability?

TORCH

T=Toxoplasmosis
O=Other
R=Rubella
C=CMV
H=HIV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conditions that cause Recurrent Corneal Erosions?

REM sleep

R=Reis-Bucklers Dystrophy

E=EBMD

M=Meesmans dystrophy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the causes of stromal dystrophy?

Marilyn Monroe
Got Hers
LA

Macular Dystrophy=Mucopolysaccharides deposits

Granular Dystrophy=Hyaline Deposits

Lattice Dystrophy=Amyloid deposits

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conditions that can penetrate an intact corneal epithelium?

CHANNEL

C=Corynebacterium diphtheria
H=Haemophilus
A=Acanthameoba 
N=Neisseria gonorrhea
N=Neisseria meningitidis
L=Listeria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the conditions that are associated with PRE-SENILE CATARACTS?

MAD Wilson lacks calcium

M=myotonic dystrophy
A=atopic dermatitis
D=DM

Wilson’s disease
Hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the Risk Factors for uveal melanoma?

To Find Small Ocular Melanomas Using Helpful Hints Daily

T=thickness (elevation > 2mm)
F=Fluid (subretinal)
S=symptoms (floaters, blur)
O=orange pigment (overlying lipofuscin)
M=margins (irregular borders)
U=ultrasound 
H=hollowness
H=halo absence
D=drusen absence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the systemic conditions associated with keratoconus?

T-DOME

T=Turner's syndrome
D=Down's syndrome
O=Osteogenesis imperfecta
M=Marfan's Syndrome
E=Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Also atopic dermatitis, mitral valve prolapse, and sleep apnea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are causes of Whorl Keratopathy?

Fabry Whorls his CHAI Tea

F=Fabry's Disease
C=Chloroquine
H=Hydroxychloroquine
A=Amiodarone
I=Indomethacin
T=Tamoxifen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do you evaluate a malignant melanoma?

ABCDE
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color difference
Diameter (large)
Enlarging

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conditions that cause Bull’s Eye Maculopathy?

Some People Can’t Handle the Bull

Stargardt's
Progressive Cone Dystrophy
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Thioridazine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What causes Pseudo-Tumor Cerebri?

CATS

Contraceptives
Accutane
Tetracyclines
Synthyroid, sulfonamides, steroids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the nerves that travel through the CTR (common tendenous ring) vs those that go above?

Through:
NOA
Nasociliary (CNV1)
Oculomotor (CN3)
Abducens (CN6)

Above:
FLT
Frontal (CNV1)
Lacrimal (CNV1)
Trochlear (CN4)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Medial bones of the orbit?

SMEL

Sphenoid
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Lacrimal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Frontal Orbit has which bones?

Front-Less

Frontal
Lesser wing of Sphenoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Later Orbit has which bones?

Great Z Zygomatic Greater wing of sphenoid

Which nerves go through the cavernous sinus?

CN3, 4, 5, V1, V2

Which nerves do not go through the cavernous sinus?

V3 and V7 do NOT go through

Layers of the retina from inner to outter?

``` ILM NFL GCL IPL INL OPL ONL ELM PR RPE ```

Sympathetics get their innervation from which (SPCN or LPCN)? Where to the sympathetic fibers travel to?

LPCN They travel to the DILATOR NOTE: sympathetic post-ganglionics are LONGER

What are the orientation of fibers in the optic tract?

SMIL(e) Superior moves medially Inferior moves laterally

What cause hypersensitivity reactions?

ACID Anaphylactic (IgE, histamine) Cytotoxic (IgM, IgG) Immune-Complex-Mediated (Ag-Ab complexes) Delated or cell-mediated (T cells)

What are the symptoms of Parkinson's?

TRAP Tremor Rigidity Akinesia Postural instability

What is seen in Crohn's?

Creeping fat, skip lesions Cobblestone mucosa

What is the normal EOG Arden Ratio?

> 1.80

What are the systemic side effects of Dihydrofolate (DHF) reductase inhibitors?

Treats Marrow Poorly T=Trimethoprine M=Methotrexate P=Pyrimethamine

Drugs that cause NAION?

VIVA (la vida loca) Viagra Immitrex (Triptan for migraines) Vardenafil Amiodarone

Which TB me causes red tears and optic neuritis respectively?

Rifampin Ethambutol

Anti-histamine and mast cell stabilizer combos?

PEZ-BOP ``` Pataday Elestat Zaditor Bepreve Optivar Patanol ```

What are the drugs that work against MRSA?

MRSA Can Be Very Difficult Clindamycin Bactrim Vancomycin Doxycycline

What are 6 things that cause emboli?

a FATBAT ``` Fat (bone fracture) Air (pneumothorax) Thrombus (MOST COMMON) Bacteria (endocarditis) Amniotic fluid Tumor ```

What do anti-cholinergic drugs cause?

Dry eyes Mydriasis INC IOP

Which medications have anti-cholinergic effects?

ANTI drugs 1. Anti-anxiety 2. Anti-psychotics 3. Anti-depressants 4. Anti-histamine Diazepam Chlorpromazine, thioridazine Amitriptyline, imipramine, phenelzine Promtehazine, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine

What are the contra-indications of phenyl 10%?

``` TCA MAOI Grave's Atropine Bad heart HTN crisis ```

What are drugs that can be taken on an EMPTY STOMACH?

PAT an empty stomach Penicillin Azithromycin Tetracycline

What drugs should you not give in pregnancy?

FAT (don't call preg lady this) Fluoroquinolones Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines

What drugs are safe for a pregnant women?

PAC for the baby Penicillins Azithromycin (safest) Cephalosporins

What are the side effects of Ribavirin?

``` RD Ischemia Bleeding Artery occlusion Vein occlusion Optic Neuritis ``` NOTE: this drug is always used in conjunction w interferon to Tx Hep C

Beta 1 Selective Drugs?

MAB Metoprolol Atenolol Betaxolol (topical)

Drugs that cause pigmentary retinopathy?

I Can't Tx Pigment Indomethacin (NSAID) Chloropromazine (anti-psychotic) Thioridazine (anti-psychotic) Promethazine (1st gen anti-histamine)

Which lens would you put slab off prism on (more minus or plus lens)?

More Minus lens! Thicker edge duh

What are the drugs that cause optic neuritis?

MRS. DICE!!!! Methotrexate Rifampin Sulfonamides/streptomycin Digoxin Isoniazid Chloramphenical/contraceptives Ethambutol

Which drugs cause HEPATOTOXICITY?

Liver TRAPS ``` Tylenol Rifampin Acyclovir Plaquenil Statins ```

What are the basophil hormones of the anterior pituitary?

FLAT base FSH LH ACTH TSH

What are the acidophil hormones of the anterior pituitary?

PiG on ACID? lol ok Prolactin Growth Hormone

What is the order of retinal cell development?

Give Her a CAB Ride Man ``` RPE Ganglion cells Horizontal cells Cones Amacrine Bipolar Rods Muller ```

Where are saccades produced from?

Contralateral FEF/ Superior Colliculus

What are drugs that cause MYOPIC shifts?

STOP Sulfonamides Topiramate/Thiazides Oral CAIs Pilocarpine

What is produced in each layer of the adrenal cortex?

G = zonula glomerulosa = aldosterone (mineral corticoid - salt) F = zonula fasciculata = cortisol (glucocorticoid = sugar) R = zonula Reticularis = androgen (sex)

What are the actions of the 3 types of epithelium?

SAD epithelium Secretions (cuboidal) Absorption (columnar) Diffusion (squamous)

What are the layers of the skin from superficial to deep?

Cute Ladies Get Smart Boys ``` Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale ```