MNEMONICS Flashcards
Things that cause angioid streaks?
PEPSI
P = Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (MOST COMMON)
E = Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
P = Paget’s Disease
S = Sickle Cell
I = Idiopathic
NOTE: 70% of angioid streaks have some form of vision loss (CNVM)
What are things that cause a break in Bruch’s membrane - CNVM?
CH-BALA
C = Choroidal rupture
H = Histoplasmosis
B = Best’s Disease
A = AMD
L = Lacquer cracks
A = Angiod Streaks
Things that cause a pre-retinal neo or pre-ret/vit heme?
DR. VOS
D = DR
R = ROP
V = Venous Occlusions
O = Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
S = Sickle cell retinopathy
Branches of the Ophthalmic Artery?
CL MS LSE
C = CRA
L = Lacrimal
M = Muscula
S = SPCA
L = LPCA
S = Suprachoroidal
E = Ethmoidal
Branches of ICA?
O-PAM
O = Ophthalmic
P = Posterior communicating artery
A = Anterior cerebral artery
M = Middle Cerebral artery
Bones of the Orbital Floor?
My Pal Z
M=Maxillary
P=Palatine
Z=zygomatic
Grading system for thyroid ophthalmopathy?
NO SPECS
N=no signs or symptoms
O=only signs, no symptoms (Dalrymple’s sign)
S=Soft tissue involvement (lid edema, chemosis)
P=Proptosis
E=EOM involvement (IMSLO)
C=Corneal involvement (SLK, ulcer)
S=Sight loss (nerve compression)
Conditions that cause follicles?
CHAT with follicles
C=Chlamydia
H=Herpes
A=Adenovirus
T=Toxic (Brimonidine, molluscum contagiosum)
3 causes of Papillae?
- Allergic
- Bacterial
- Non-specific (friction: GPC, CL wear, floppy lids)
Differentials for SEVERE OCULAR pain? NOTE: I don’t want to get sued and lose mi CASA!
CASA
C=Corneal pathology
A=Anterior uveitis
S=Scleritis
A=Angle closure
Differentials for severe intellectual disability?
TORCH
T=Toxoplasmosis O=Other R=Rubella C=CMV H=HIV
Conditions that cause Recurrent Corneal Erosions?
REM sleep
R=Reis-Bucklers Dystrophy
E=EBMD
M=Meesmans dystrophy
What are the causes of stromal dystrophy?
Marilyn Monroe
Got Hers
LA
Macular Dystrophy=Mucopolysaccharides deposits
Granular Dystrophy=Hyaline Deposits
Lattice Dystrophy=Amyloid deposits
Conditions that can penetrate an intact corneal epithelium?
CHANNEL
C=Corynebacterium diphtheria H=Haemophilus A=Acanthameoba N=Neisseria gonorrhea N=Neisseria meningitidis L=Listeria
What are the conditions that are associated with PRE-SENILE CATARACTS?
MAD Wilson lacks calcium
M=myotonic dystrophy
A=atopic dermatitis
D=DM
Wilson’s disease
Hypocalcemia
What are the Risk Factors for uveal melanoma?
To Find Small Ocular Melanomas Using Helpful Hints Daily
T=thickness (elevation > 2mm) F=Fluid (subretinal) S=symptoms (floaters, blur) O=orange pigment (overlying lipofuscin) M=margins (irregular borders) U=ultrasound H=hollowness H=halo absence D=drusen absence
What are the systemic conditions associated with keratoconus?
T-DOME
T=Turner's syndrome D=Down's syndrome O=Osteogenesis imperfecta M=Marfan's Syndrome E=Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Also atopic dermatitis, mitral valve prolapse, and sleep apnea
What are causes of Whorl Keratopathy?
Fabry Whorls his CHAI Tea
F=Fabry's Disease C=Chloroquine H=Hydroxychloroquine A=Amiodarone I=Indomethacin T=Tamoxifen
How do you evaluate a malignant melanoma?
ABCDE Asymmetry Border irregularity Color difference Diameter (large) Enlarging
Conditions that cause Bull’s Eye Maculopathy?
Some People Can’t Handle the Bull
Stargardt's Progressive Cone Dystrophy Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine Thioridazine
What causes Pseudo-Tumor Cerebri?
CATS
Contraceptives
Accutane
Tetracyclines
Synthyroid, sulfonamides, steroids
What are the nerves that travel through the CTR (common tendenous ring) vs those that go above?
Through: NOA Nasociliary (CNV1) Oculomotor (CN3) Abducens (CN6)
Above: FLT Frontal (CNV1) Lacrimal (CNV1) Trochlear (CN4)
Medial bones of the orbit?
SMEL
Sphenoid
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Frontal Orbit has which bones?
Front-Less
Frontal
Lesser wing of Sphenoid
Later Orbit has which bones?
Great Z
Zygomatic
Greater wing of sphenoid
Which nerves go through the cavernous sinus?
CN3, 4, 5, V1, V2
Which nerves do not go through the cavernous sinus?
V3 and V7 do NOT go through
Layers of the retina from inner to outter?
ILM NFL GCL IPL INL OPL ONL ELM PR RPE
Sympathetics get their innervation from which (SPCN or LPCN)? Where to the sympathetic fibers travel to?
LPCN
They travel to the DILATOR
NOTE: sympathetic post-ganglionics are LONGER
What are the orientation of fibers in the optic tract?
SMIL(e)
Superior moves medially
Inferior moves laterally
What cause hypersensitivity reactions?
ACID
Anaphylactic (IgE, histamine)
Cytotoxic (IgM, IgG)
Immune-Complex-Mediated (Ag-Ab complexes)
Delated or cell-mediated (T cells)
What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s?
TRAP
Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural instability
What is seen in Crohn’s?
Creeping fat, skip lesions
Cobblestone mucosa
What is the normal EOG Arden Ratio?
> 1.80
What are the systemic side effects of Dihydrofolate (DHF) reductase inhibitors?
Treats Marrow Poorly
T=Trimethoprine
M=Methotrexate
P=Pyrimethamine
Drugs that cause NAION?
VIVA (la vida loca)
Viagra
Immitrex (Triptan for migraines)
Vardenafil
Amiodarone
Which TB me causes red tears and optic neuritis respectively?
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Anti-histamine and mast cell stabilizer combos?
PEZ-BOP
Pataday Elestat Zaditor Bepreve Optivar Patanol
What are the drugs that work against MRSA?
MRSA Can Be Very Difficult
Clindamycin
Bactrim
Vancomycin
Doxycycline
What are 6 things that cause emboli?
a FATBAT
Fat (bone fracture) Air (pneumothorax) Thrombus (MOST COMMON) Bacteria (endocarditis) Amniotic fluid Tumor
What do anti-cholinergic drugs cause?
Dry eyes
Mydriasis
INC IOP
Which medications have anti-cholinergic effects?
ANTI drugs
- Anti-anxiety
- Anti-psychotics
- Anti-depressants
- Anti-histamine
Diazepam
Chlorpromazine, thioridazine
Amitriptyline, imipramine, phenelzine
Promtehazine, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine
What are the contra-indications of phenyl 10%?
TCA MAOI Grave's Atropine Bad heart HTN crisis
What are drugs that can be taken on an EMPTY STOMACH?
PAT an empty stomach
Penicillin
Azithromycin
Tetracycline
What drugs should you not give in pregnancy?
FAT (don’t call preg lady this)
Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
What drugs are safe for a pregnant women?
PAC for the baby
Penicillins
Azithromycin (safest)
Cephalosporins
What are the side effects of Ribavirin?
RD Ischemia Bleeding Artery occlusion Vein occlusion Optic Neuritis
NOTE: this drug is always used in conjunction w interferon to Tx Hep C
Beta 1 Selective Drugs?
MAB
Metoprolol
Atenolol
Betaxolol (topical)
Drugs that cause pigmentary retinopathy?
I Can’t Tx Pigment
Indomethacin (NSAID)
Chloropromazine (anti-psychotic)
Thioridazine (anti-psychotic)
Promethazine (1st gen anti-histamine)
Which lens would you put slab off prism on (more minus or plus lens)?
More Minus lens! Thicker edge duh
What are the drugs that cause optic neuritis?
MRS. DICE!!!!
Methotrexate
Rifampin
Sulfonamides/streptomycin
Digoxin
Isoniazid
Chloramphenical/contraceptives
Ethambutol
Which drugs cause HEPATOTOXICITY?
Liver TRAPS
Tylenol Rifampin Acyclovir Plaquenil Statins
What are the basophil hormones of the anterior pituitary?
FLAT base
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
What are the acidophil hormones of the anterior pituitary?
PiG on ACID? lol ok
Prolactin
Growth Hormone
What is the order of retinal cell development?
Give Her a CAB Ride Man
RPE Ganglion cells Horizontal cells Cones Amacrine Bipolar Rods Muller
Where are saccades produced from?
Contralateral FEF/ Superior Colliculus
What are drugs that cause MYOPIC shifts?
STOP
Sulfonamides
Topiramate/Thiazides
Oral CAIs
Pilocarpine
What is produced in each layer of the adrenal cortex?
G = zonula glomerulosa = aldosterone (mineral corticoid - salt)
F = zonula fasciculata = cortisol (glucocorticoid = sugar)
R = zonula Reticularis = androgen (sex)
What are the actions of the 3 types of epithelium?
SAD epithelium
Secretions (cuboidal)
Absorption (columnar)
Diffusion (squamous)
What are the layers of the skin from superficial to deep?
Cute Ladies Get Smart Boys
Corneum Lucidum Granulosum Spinosum Basale
