MLS LECTURE 7 Flashcards
What are the main equipments required?
1- Sterile disposable gloves
2- transport medium with swab
3- wooden sticks
4- Sterile containers
5- acid citrate dextrose (blood)
What are the best containers to use?
1- leak proof (Skrew > press)
2- unbreakable (prevent glass/ easily broken plastic)
3- sterile (especially for culture)
The collection and transport systems must be:
1- sterile, self-contained
2- right transport media
3- Be careful with aerobic and anaerobic
What is the type of transport medium/media for bacteria?
Cary Blair
What is the type of transport medium/media for viruses?
VTM (Virus Transport Media)
Transport media/medium is:
the safe and appropriate way to transport or carry the clinical specimens from distance to the labs for examination. it can allow organisms to survive without allowing them to reproduce
what is the venous blood amount required for culture during high peak fever?
Infants: 0.5-2 ml
Children: 2-5 ml
adults: 5-10 ml
How do you collect urine from babies and old people?
sterile plastic bag
True or false: you should directly send the urine samples to a lab (within 1 hour) to prevent bacteria from duplicating.
true
What is the right temperature to use to preserve/keep urine?
4C
Why is the blood transferred to a blood culture bottle (broth)?
to keep the bacteria in tact and to protect the patient and worker
What would happen if the urine was kept for more than 1 hour or at a degree that isn’t 4C?
The bacteria may end up duplicating, resulting in inaccurate test results.
What are the 4 types of swab specimens (listed in the slides)?
1- Throat swab (posterior pharyngeal swab)
2- Nasopharyngeal swab (nose)
3- Ear swab
4- Eye swab
For what is each type of swab used?
1- Throat swab (posterior pharyngeal swab) for respiratory tract
2- Nasopharyngeal swab (nose) for respiratory tract
3- Ear swab for ear infections and respiratory tract
4- Eye swab for eye infections, toxicology analysis
When taking or doing a nasopharyngeal swab, why should you keep it or rotate it for a couple of seconds?
To collect all the microorganisms (let the microorganisms stick to the swab)
What might happen if the sputum specimen included saliva or postnatal discharge?
the solution might be diluted
True or false: you can use ear drops before the ear swab specimen.
False; ear drops must be prevented 3 hours prior to the ear swab test because if the ear had ear drops, it might result in the results/microorganisms being diluted
Why are stool samples collected?
to reflect/for the digestive tract
Is it advised to preserve the stool specimens?
No, never preserve a stool specimen. They should be directly sent to the lab for examination as they are. They can be refrigerated to prevent multiplication of bacteria.
In stool specimens, if delays are unavoidable or the temperature is warm, what should you do?
Use a container that has a 6ml buffered glycerol saline transport medium
Why are pus specimens collected?
to check for underskin infections.
What is usually the minimum volume asked for for sputum specimens?
1 ml
For what is the stool sample taken (what does the stool sample reflects)?
The digestive tract
In stool samples, why is the bed pan avoided?
It is because they are already infected with bacteria or contaminants
True or false: pus samples should be transported directly / immediately to the labs.
True
Who collects the cerebrospinal fluid?
Brain physicians
How is the cerebrospinal fluid collection done?
By lumbar puncture in sterile tubes under aseptic conditions
State some examples of improper specimens.
- Dry swabs
- unreserved urine held in the ref for more than 24 hr.
- sputum specimen includes 25< WBC and > 10 epithelial cells/lpf
- specimen of anaerobic culture from a site that have anaerobes as part of the normal flora (like mouth)
What are the errors that can occur?
- Unlabeled or incorrect labeling of specimen
- specimen received without a request form
- request form received without the specimen
- missing vital information in the request form
What are examples of delay in transit or improper transport? How do you deal with each?
1) if specimens have been delayed in transit (whereas specimen transport time exceeded hrs. Post collection time & specimen is not preserved), reject it and you reject it as unsuitable for processing
2) if specimen has been transported at improper temp, you reject it & ask for new specimen
When are the containers considered inappropriate?
- Specimens are received in improper/non- sterile containers
- specimens for anaerobes are not received in appropriate containers
- specimens received in fixative (formalin) (it is mainly to preserve tissues in histology)
Collection criteria:
1) actual site of infection should be used for collection
2) Collect the sample at optimal times
3) Collect before administrating antimicrobal agents
4) collect in sufficient quantity
5) label specimen properly and complete the test request form
6) ensure optimal recovery of microorganisms
How do you ensure the optimal recovery of microorganisms?
- Use appropriate collection device
- use appropriate transport media
- use appropriate culture media
- minimize transport time as well as painting appropriate environment
