MLS LECTURE 2 Flashcards
An infection is:
The invasion of the body by pathogens than then cause disease symptoms
Define Infectious
Capable of transmitting diseases to others
Define the term “Pathogens”
Are disease-causing organisms
Infection control is:
The process of protecting healthcare workers and the patients they serve from the infectious agents
Who are the organisms that are too small to be seen without a microscope?
Microorganisms
True or False: All Bacterias are harmful and cause diseases.
False, only 4%-5% of Bacteria are pathogenic and cause disease.
Bacterias are:
single-celled organisms with a cell wall and cell membrane
True or False: You can treat bacteria with antibiotics
true
What are the three types of bacteria?
1- Cocci (round)
2- Bacilli (Rod-shaped oval)
3- Spirilla (Spiral curved)
The three types of cocci bacteria are:
1- Staphylococci (grape shaped)
2- streptococci (strep-shaped)
3- Diplococci (comes in double)
What can a cocci bacteria cause?
1- streptococcal sore throats
2- pneumonia
3- Food poisoning
What can the bacilli bacteria cause?
1- tetanus
2- diphtheria
3- Salmonella
poisoning
what can the spirilla bacteria cause?
1- cholera
2- syphilis
are small infectious agents
viruses
Why are viruses not really cells?
Because they don’t have the structure of a cell; they are not cellular in shape
How can a virus survive?
Using the help of a host cell
How can you treat a virus?
Using Antivirals
True or False: You can use antibiotics to treat viruses.
False, Viruses are coated or surrounded by a protective protein and do not have cell walls that can be attacked like the cell walls in bacteria
What would happen if you treated a virus with an antibiotic?
There is a great tendency of ruining, destroying, and killing the host cell that the virus is inhabiting
What can a virus cause?
Measles
Chickenpox
AIDS
Fungi are:
Plant-like organisms
What are the environments preferred by fungi?
DARK + DAMP
Fungi can cause:
1- yeast (a mycotic infection)
2- Athlete’s foot
3- Ringworm
What’s the similarity between a Parasite and a virus?
They both need a host cell to survive and be active
What’s the difference between a Parasite and a Virus?
Parasites doesn’t affect the host cell as much as the virus does.
State the diseases/health complications that a Parasite might cause
1- Malaria
2- Bacteria Reckettsia
Emphasize: Individuals with sickle cells can not / have a low tendency of getting Malaria
Unlike normal cells, sickle cells are unnatural in shape; their membranes are elongated/stretched. Therefore, they leak the nutrients needed by Parasites to survive. Hence, the faulty cells et eliminated/killed, resulting in the killing of the parasites.
State the steps of destroying the bacteria
step 1: cleaning
step 2: sanitizing
step 3: disinfecting
True or False: Sterilization is better than disinfection.
True; Disinfection focuses more on killing/destroying bacteria, viruses, etc. (harmful microorganisms. Sterilization, on the other hand, destroys all microorganisms (whether they were harmful or not)
give the meaning of “asepsis”
absence of pathogens / infection
State and explain the two types of asepsis.
1- medical asepsis: known as the “clean technique”. It’s simply the practice of killing the microorganisms to stop the spreading
2- surgical asepsis: known as the “sterile technique”. It is the elimination of all microorganisms (whether they were harmful or not).
What are the 3 types of PPE (Personal protective equipment)?
1- standard ppe
2- full ppe
3- enhanced ppe
How does the infection spread?
steps of the chain of infection (how the infection spreads):
step 1: Infectious agent
step 2: Reservoir
Step 3: Portal of exit
step 4: mode of transmission
step 5: portal of entry
step 6: a susceptible host
As lab workers what are the laboratory hazards that we may face?
1- laser hazards
2- biological hazards
3- radiological hazards
4- chemical hazards
5- physical hazards
6- non-ionizing radiation
What are the components of a medical safety data sheet?
1- Identification
2- composition of ingredients
3- physical and chemical properties
4- fire and explosion data
5- reactivity data
6- health hazards
7- emergency first aid
8- safe handling
9- control measure
How can you see viruses?
using the electronic microscope
True or False: You can use bleach on your skin
False; you have to use products that contain 70 % isopropyl alcohol
State some infectious agents:
-Bacteria
-Viruses
-Fungi
-Parasites
Examples of Reservoir
People
Water
Food
Animals
Examples of a portal of exit
-Skin
-Excresions
-Blood
-Secretions
Examples of modes of transmission
-Physical touch
-Droplets
-Airborne
-insects like mosquitos
Examples of a portal of entry
-Wounds
-Broken skin
-Mucous membrane
-Respiratory system
-digestive system
Examples of a susceptible host
-age
-burns
-diabetes
-Immune deficiencies
-Surgery
Why can’t we use hot water when cleaning our hands?
Because there is a possibility of causing skin breakage, this should be totally avoided.
What is included in the chemical hazard identification system (w/ colors)?
1- Fire hazards (RED)
2- health hazards (BLUE)
3- Reactivity/Instability hazards (YELLOW)
4- Specific hazards (WHITE)
Health Hazards (0-4)
4- Deadly
3- Extreme danger
2- Hazardous
1- Slightly hazardous
0- Normal Material
Fire Hazards (0-4)
4- Below 73C
3- Below 100C
2- Below 200C
1- Above 200C
0- Will not burn
Reactivity/Instability Hazards (0-4)
4- May detonate
3- Shock and hear may detonate
2- Violent chemical change
1- Unstable if heated
0- stable
What are the five types of extinguishers?
- Water
- Foam
- CO2
- Powder
- Wet chemical
State the types of fire (with their class)
- Combustible materials (class A)
- Flammable liquids (class B)
- Flammable gases (Class C)
- Flammable metals (Class D)
- Electrical equipment (class E)
- Deep fat fryers (Class F)
State examples of electrical hazards:
- Wet conditions
- Overhead power line
- Inadequate wiring and overload circuit
- Exposed electrical parts
- Damaged insulations
- Improper grounding
-Damaged or Faulty tools and equipments
What is kept in the red bags?
Biohazardous or potentially infected medical waste
Where is the hazardous pharmaceutical waste put?
Blue containers
What is kept in the yellow containers?
chemotherapy waste that is considered RCRA empty
What is kept in the black containers?
chemotherapy waste that is not RCRA empty
