MLS LECTURE 4 Flashcards
Importance of collecting and/or processing samples correctly:
- ensure safety
- maintain accuracy
- minimize patient’s discomfort and complications
- avoid recollection
In case of poor collection, what might happen?
1- Defective results and possible inappropriate treatments
2- vessel trauma and pain
3- duplicate the specimen collection and retesting
What is the difference between a specimen and a sample?
A specimen is related to the body and body fluids that get excreted from the inside (like tissues, blood, etc.) while a sample is not necessarily related to the body. However, the term “sample” is used more frequently and it can indicate both samples and specimens.
identify some specimens
1- blood
2- urine
3- faeces
4- saliva
5- solid tissues
The full PPE includes
1- disposable gloves
2- safety glasses/googles
3- isolated overall
4- face mask
5- face sheild
6- shoe cover
When and why is the shoe cover usually worn?
It is worn to prevent the invasion of pathogens and microorganisms in sterilized environments. They are usually worn when there is a lot of spillage and are usually worn to protect the safety of both the patients and the workers.
Compare and contrast between sample collection and sample processing
They are both parts of the pre-analytical ethics stage. Sample collection is usually done in a private area with suitable equipment for collection. Sample processing gon the other hand focuses more on paperwork area + storage and processing equipments
Why is sample collection done in private areas?
to prevent the spread of infections and diseases and protect everyone outside the area
state the requests/things that we must know:
1- what tests are requested
2- what specimens are collected
3- what containers are needed for the collection of the specimens
4- when the specimen is collected
5- what is the amount of specimen needed for testing
6- what is the order of collection tubes in case of blood collection for eg.
state the essential elements of requisition:
1- patient’s name
2- patient’s medical record number
3- patient’s date of birth, gender, nationality
4- physician’s name, stamp, and signature
5- diagnosis
6- date and time of collection
7- indicating test requested
8- source of specimen
How do you prepare the patient for sample collection?
1- identification (name, age, gender, etc.)
2- timing and condition
3- position of the patient
what are the common errors that you may face in specimen collection?
1- Insufficient quantity
2- hemolysis
3- Inaccurate or incomplete guidelines
4- failure to use the correct containers
5- failure to label specimens
6- failure of closing the lid tightly
Things to remember when labeling specimens
1- always directly label the samples before leaving the patient
2- never ask someone else to do the labeling
3- never label the sample before collecting the specimen
4- verify the information on the label
what happens if the sample is either mislabeled or unlabeled
1- all blood specimens must be redrawn
2- they are discarded
When are FTA cards used?
FTA Cards are cards that might contain chemicals and are usually used when blood samples aren’t needed in big liquid quantity form.
Define “Homogeneity”
- they’re homogenous they’re mixed
Process or what happens during sample collection
1- preparation of the patient
2- Site of collection preparation (if applicable)
3- Use proper tools and containers
4- Label the sample collected
5- make sure of the required tests and requests
What is the usual temp. in refrigerators?
4C
What is the usual room/lab temp.?
15C - 25C
What should you do before freezing blood?
centrifuge
Define “Cryopreservation”
is the use of very low temperatures to preserve structurally intact living cells and tissues.
What is the temperature needed for WBC after centrifuging?
-20C
True or False: The quality of the results depends on or is determined by the quality of the samples
True
What are the materials used for the containers to keep samples?
Polypropylene and polyethylene
What is the type of container that must be avoided when freezing?
Polystyrene
For what and where is blood collected?
Biochemical tests
Hematology
Serology
Molecular biology
For what and where is urine collected?
Screening tests
Infection
Diseases
For what and where is faeces collected?
Gastrointestinal diseases
Viral infections
For what and where is saliva collected?
Drug analysis
DNA analysis
Secretor statues
Alcohol
