Mixed Review Deck 6 Flashcards
During IVU, what position is generally recommended to demonstrate filling of obstructed ureters and the renal pelvis?
Prone! The kidneys’ oblique position angles the renal pelvis, and ureter, anteriorly. Prone position allows contrast to flow into these structures.
In what position are a barium filled pyloric canal and duodenal bulb best demonstrated during a GI series?
RAO
What position is frequently used to project the gallbladder away from the vertebrae in the asthenic patient?
LAO
To demonstrate contrast filled distal ureters during IVU, what position is helpful?
15 degree AP Trendelenberg. This moves the contrast filled bladder superiorly, encouraging filling of the distal ureters and superior bladder.
In the Fuji system, an “S” number (sensitivity index) of ___ indicates ideal exposure.
What does it mean if the number is significantly higher than this? Lower?
200 = ideal
higher number = underexposure
lower number =overexposure
What is the “telltale sign” of saturation due to overexposure?
Inability to see soft tissue differentiation (loss of contrast between soft tissue and background)
A deviation index of 3 indicates the image is ___ % overexposed.
100%
If an image has a DI number of -3, and demonstrates quantum mottle, what should you do to correct this?
BEcause there is mottle, you need to repeat the image. DI of -3 indicates 50% underexposure, so you need to repeat the radiograph and adjust mAs or kVp so as to double receptor exposure.
What radiographic exam would most likely be performed to diagnose Wilm’s tumor?
IVU (Wilm’s tumor affects the kidney)
What is the most common childhood renal tumor?
Wilm’s tumor
What’s the most common solid abdominal tumor seen in children and where does it commonly occur? What does it need to be differentiated from?
Neuroblastoma; commonly found in the adrenal glands; presents large abdominal mass. Differentiate from Wilm’s tumor, or nephroblastoma
Nephroblastoma is also known as _____. It needs to be differentiated from _____ because both occur in or near the _____.
Wilm’s tumor.
Neuroblastoma.
in or near the kidneys
Give the conversion formula for Centrigrade to Fahrenheit and vice versa!
Centrigrade = 5/9 (Fahrenheit temperature - 32)
Fahrenheit = (9/5 Centigrade) + 32
1 Sv = ___ rem
100
1 mSv = ____ mrem
100
1 rad = ____ Gy
0.01 Gy
Whole-body dose is calculated to include …
all of the especially radiosensitive organs (includes gonads, lens of eye, blood forming organs)
Are extremities included in whole-body dose?
No.
Which of these can be utilized for secondary barriers?
- gypsum board
- lead acrylic
- glass
All three. Secondary barriers require less lead equivalency and they don’t necessarily need to be made of lead, just to meet the lead equivalency requirement.
Transparent shields used for scoliosis radiography contain how much lead?
30% lead
Transparent eyeglasses used in fluoroscopy contain a minimal protection level of …
0.35 mm lead equivalent
All of the following are likely to be included in both single- and double-contrast exams of the large bowel except …
- lateral rectum
- AP axial rectosigmoid
- Right and left lateral decubitus abdomen
-RAO and LAO abdomen
Right and left lateral decubitus: these are ONLY included in double contrast exams to visualize double contrast of the medial and lateral walls of the ascending and descending colon.
What is cone cutting, and what causes it?
Cone cutting refers to cutoff (reduced exposure) due to using cylinder or cone extensions for beam restriction. This is caused by misalignment of the tube, cone/cylinder and/or the IR.
Values of interest, as determined through histogram analysis, refer to exposure values within the radiograph that …
represent actual patient anatomy
