mixed review deck 1 Flashcards
Define tachycardia
Greater than 100 bpm
Give adult values for normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension
Normal= systolic 90-120 mm Hg and diastolic 60-80 mm Hg
Prehypertension = systolic 120-140 mm Hg and/or diastolic 80-90 mm Hg
Hypertension = consistently above 140/90
Name two medications given in the case of a mild systemic (non-allergic) reaction to iodinated contrast media
antihistamines (e.g. Benadryl)
possibly epinephrine to lower the BP
Name the 2 most common SIDE EFFECTS of iodinated contrast media
metallic taste and temporary hot flash
Mild, scattered hives are considered what level of reaction to contrast media?
Mild systemic reaction (non-allergic)
Term for swelling of the skin (similar to hives, but under the skin) typically occurring about the face; in which level(s) of systemic response to contrast media will this occur?
angioedema
Moderate systemic (allergic) and/or severe systemic (vasovagal) responses; angioedema without dyspnea normally is seen in the moderate reaction, whereas angioedema with dyspnea is more typical of a severe (anaphylactic/vasovagal) response
Moderate to severe hives, laryngeal edema, angioedema, dysphagia, dyspnea, bronchospasm, hypotension and tachycardia OR bradycardia all characterize what level of response to contrast media?
Moderate allergic response, also considered EARLY symptoms of an impending severe (anaphylactic or vasovagal) response
Tabletop intensity of the fluoroscopic beam must be less than (give values in mGya/min and R/min)
100 mGya/min
10 R/min
Minimum thickness of protective lead aprons and gloves to be worn by radiation workers during fluoroscopy
Minimum 0.25 mm Pb/eq for aprons (NCRP recommends 0.5 mm)
gloves, 0.25 mm Pb/eq
What THREE factors are used in determining the required thickness of primary barriers?
occupancy factor, workload and use factor
Define occupancy factor
The amount of time the space beyond the barrier is occupied
Percentage of time the primary beam is directed at a particular barrier
Use factor
Workload is measured in …
mAs per week or milliampere minutes per week
Primary protective barriers are to be ___ mm (___ inches) Pb/eq thickness, ___ feet in height
1.5 mm (1/16 inch)
7 feet
Secondary protective barriers include the portion of the walls above 7 feet in height, and the control booth, need to be ___ mm (___ inches) Pb/eq thickness
0.75 mm (1/32 inch)
Barriers must reduce controlled area exposure to less than ___ mSv/week and uncontrolled area exposure to ___ mSv/year
controlled: 1 mSv/week
uncontrolled: 21 mSv/year
Give the percent of x-ray beam attenuation of both 75 kV AND 100 kV beams by lead aprons of each thickness:
0.25 mm
0.5 mm
1.0 mm
0.25 mm will absorb 66% of the 75 kV beam and 51% of 100 kV
0.50 mm will absorb 88% of 75 kV and 75% of 100
1.0 mm will absorb 99% of 75 kV and 94% of 100
2 organs with the lowest tissue weighting factor, and what is that factor?
Skin, brain both are weighted at 0.01
Two organs with tissue weighting factors of 0.05
thyroid, liver
Lange gives breast 0.05, RTBC gives it 0.12
Three (or 4) organs with tissue weighting factor of 0.12
red bone marrow, lung and stomach
Rad tech bootcamp lists breast at 0.12 as well but Lange gives it 0.05
Radiation doses of 5 Gy to the ovaries cause …
sterility
The dose required to cause erythema in 50% of those exposed is roughly …
5 Gy
Give the approximate ESE rate for the average AP cervical spine radiograph
1.0 mGy
Give average ESE rates for the average AP pelvis and the average AP (supine) lumbar spine
pelvis: 1.5 mGy
L-spine: 2.5 to 3 mGy
