Mixed Flashcards
True or False: Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.
False. It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis?
a) Hexokinase
b) Phosphofructokinase
c) Pyruvate kinase
d) Enolase
a) Hexokinase
Which of the following is the end product of glycolysis?
a) Lactate
b) Acetyl-CoA
c) Pyruvate
d) Citrate
c) Pyruvate
In glycolysis, which molecule is directly converted into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
a) Glucose
b) Glucose-6-phosphate
c) Fructose-6-phosphate
d) Fructose-1-phosphate
c) Fructose-6-phosphate
True or False: The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate generates ATP.
True
True or False: Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.
True
Which enzyme is involved in the first step of gluconeogenesis?
a) Pyruvate carboxylase
b) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
c) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
d) Glucose-6-phosphatase
a) Pyruvate carboxylase
What is the intermediate molecule formed when pyruvate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in gluconeogenesis?
a) Oxaloacetate
b) Malate
c) Lactate
d) Glycerol
a) Oxaloacetate
True or False: Gluconeogenesis mainly occurs in the liver and kidneys.
True
Which enzyme catalyzes the final step of gluconeogenesis, converting glucose-6-phosphate to glucose?
a) Hexokinase
b) Glucokinase
c) Glucose-6-phosphatase
d) Phosphofructokinase
c) Glucose-6-phosphatase
True or False: ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis.
True
Which of the following is an allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase?
a) ATP
b) Citrate
c) AMP
d) NADH
c) AMP
What effect does fructose-2,6-bisphosphate have on glycolysis?
a) Inhibits glycolysis
b) Activates gluconeogenesis
c) Activates glycolysis
d) No effect
c) Activates glycolysis
True or False: Pyruvate kinase activity is regulated by phosphorylation in liver cells.
True
Which molecule inhibits pyruvate kinase by promoting its phosphorylation?
a) Glucose
b) Glucagon
c) Insulin
d) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
b) Glucagon
Which cofactor is essential for the activity of pyruvate carboxylase in gluconeogenesis?
a) NAD+
b) FAD
c) TPP
d) Biotin
d) Biotin
True or False: Transketolase requires TPP as a cofactor.
True
What is the role of biotin in gluconeogenesis?
a) Acts as an electron carrier
b) Transfers a carbon dioxide group
c) Phosphorylates glucose
d) Converts pyruvate to lactate
b) Transfers a carbon dioxide group
Which enzyme uses NAD+ as a cofactor in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate?
a) Lactate dehydrogenase
b) Pyruvate kinase
c) Hexokinase
d) Aldolase
a) Lactate dehydrogenase
True or False: Phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2) and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase are two separate enzymes.
False
True or False: Deficiency in vitamin C leads to scurvy.
True
Which vitamin deficiency causes beriberi?
a) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
b) Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
c) Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
d) Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
a) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Which disease is caused by a lack of niacin (Vitamin B3)?
a) Pellagra
b) Rickets
c) Scurvy
d) Beriberi
a) Pellagra
True or False: Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children.
True
Which vitamin is crucial for blood clotting?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) Vitamin K
d) Vitamin K
True or False: Galactosemia is due to a deficiency in the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase.
True
What is the main consequence of fructose intolerance?
a) Accumulation of fructose in blood
b) Accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate
c) Increased glycogen storage
d) Enhanced glycolysis
b) Accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate
True or False: High intake of fructose can lead to increased fat synthesis.
True
Which enzyme deficiency is linked to lactose intolerance?
a) Sucrase
b) Lactase
c) Maltase
d) Isomaltase
b) Lactase
True or False: Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) can lead to hemolytic anemia.
True
Which enzyme converts fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in glycolysis?
a) Aldolase
b) Hexokinase
c) Phosphofructokinase
d) Triose phosphate isomerase
c) Phosphofructokinase
True or False: The enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is part of the glycolytic pathway.
False
Which enzyme is responsible for the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate?
a) Hexokinase
b) Phosphoglucose isomerase
c) Phosphofructokinase
d) Aldolase
b) Phosphoglucose isomerase
True or False: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex requires thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as a cofactor.
True
Which enzyme in glycolysis directly produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation?
a) Hexokinase
b) Phosphofructokinase
c) Pyruvate kinase
d) Phosphoglycerate kinase
c) Pyruvate kinase
True or False: The Cori cycle involves the interconversion of lactate and glucose between muscle and liver.
True
What is the primary purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway?
a) Generate ATP
b) Produce NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
c) Synthesize amino acids
d) Store glucose as glycogen
b) Produce NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
True or False: Acetyl-CoA is a central metabolite that links glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
True
Which pathway is directly linked to the detoxification of reactive oxygen species?
a) Glycolysis
b) Gluconeogenesis
c) Pentose phosphate pathway
d) Urea cycle
c) Pentose phosphate pathway
True or False: Fatty acid synthesis occurs primarily in the mitochondria.
True