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CHEM 46 > Glycolysis > Flashcards

Glycolysis Flashcards

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1
Q

Another term for glycolysis?

A

Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway

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2
Q

What are the two stages and what steps do they span?

A

Energy investment stage (Steps 1-5)
Energy recovery stage (Steps 6-10)

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3
Q

Overall rxn and net ΔG?

A

glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + 4H+
ΔG = -85 kJ/mol

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4
Q

Can metabolites escape the pathway?

A

No due to lack of transporters

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5
Q

In the synthesis of pyruvate, how do the following types treat pyruvate?
1. aerobic
2. hypoxic
3. hypoxic/anaerobic

A

aerobic: proceeds to TCA cycle (as acetyl) and oxidative phosphorylation
hypoxic: lactic acid fermentation
hypoxic/anaerobic: ethanol fermentation

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6
Q

What is bi-bi mechanism?

A

2 substrates produce 2 products

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7
Q

In step 1 of glycolysis, cofactor Mg2+ is needed. Why?

A

ATP will inhibit hexokinase instead of attacking D-glucose

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8
Q

Enzyme, substrate, and product of step 1?

A

hexokinase, glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) coupled with ATP to ADP + Pi

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9
Q

Enzyme, substrate, and product of step 2?

A

phosphoglucose isomerase, G6P to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)

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10
Q

Enzyme, substrate, and product of step 3?

A

phosphofructosekinase-1 (PFK-1), F6P to fructose-1,6-biphosphate (FBP) coupled with ATP to ADP + Pi

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11
Q

Enzyme, substrate, and product of step 4?

A

fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase, FBP to Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

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12
Q

Enzyme, substrate, and product of step 5?

A

triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), DHAP to G3P

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13
Q

Enzyme, substrate, and product of step 6?

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), G3P to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) coupled with NAD+ + Pi to NADH + H+

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14
Q

Enzyme, substrate, and product of step 7?

A

phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), 1,3-BPG to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) coupled with ADP to ATP

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15
Q

Enzyme, substrate, and product of step 8?

A

Phosphoglycerate mutase, 3PG to 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG)

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16
Q

Enzyme, substrate, and product of step 9?

A

Enolase, 2PG to phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP)

17
Q

Enzyme, substrate, and product of step 10?

A

Pyruvate Kinase, PEP to pyruvate (enol) and eventually to pyruvate (keto) coupled with ADP + H+ to ATP

18
Q

In step 2 of glycolysis, why do we need to isomerize G6P to F6P?

A

Only F6P can yield 2 3C products. G6P yields 1 4C and 1 2C product.

19
Q

Why is step 3 of glycolysis also known as the “first committed step”?

A

allosteric enhancers and inhibitors are present to enhance or inhibit structure of enzyme

20
Q

Why does step 4 of glycolysis ensure the forward reaction to proceed?

A

fast removal of products from active site prevents reverse reaction. Very positive ΔG.

21
Q

In step 5 of glycolysis, a ___________ is created to convert DHAP to G3P

A

enediol intermediate

22
Q

In step 6, to convert G3P to 1,3-BPG, _________ and ________ must occur

A

phosphorylation and oxidation

23
Q

Step 6 is the start of what stage?

A

Energy recovery stage

24
Q

Step 7 is coupled with what step?

A

Step 6

25
Q

Step 8 contains residues at at active site. What is/are this/these?

A

phospho-His and free His residues

26
Q

What is the purpose of isomerization of 3PG to 2PG?

A

stability of anion products

27
Q

Highly exergonic step of glycolysis that required the creation of other steps?

A

Step 9 is highly exergonic that is why step 7-8 is important for stability.

28
Q

What is the final form of the product in step 10?

A

pyruvate keto form

29
Q

Fates of the pyruvate molecule.

A

Ethanol fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
TCA Cycle (as acetyl)

30
Q

What pathway do the following autotrophs undergo?
1. Aerobes
2. Anaerobes

A

Aerobes : TCA Cycle as Anaerobes : fermentation

CHEM 46 (15 decks)

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