Fast Facts Flashcards
What is catabolism?
Nutrients and cell components broken down to make energy available.
What is anabolism?
synthesis of biomolecules from simple compounds
Autotrophs?
organisms that can synthesize cellular constituents from simple molecules
Photoautotrophs/phototrophs?
use light energy to produce carbohydrates
chemoautotrophs/chemolithotrophs?
use oxidizing agents to obtain energy through oxidation
heterotrophs
obtain carbon from food produced by autotrophs
obligate aerobes?
use dioxygen in cellular reactions
obligate anaerobes?
poisoned by dioxygen
facultative anaerobes
can switch metabolic pathways
pellagra
disease due to lack of niacine
beriberi
disease due to lack of thiamine
pernicious anemia
lack of cobalamin
scurvy
lack of vitamin C
Night blindness
lack of vitamin A
rickets
lack of vitamin D
hemorrhage
lack of vitamin K
Water soluble vitamins
precursors for coenzymes
Examples of fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Catabolic and anabolic reactions are coupled, how?
catabolic : converging as anabolic : diverging
Mitochondria: oxidative phosphorylation as cytosol : ___________
glycolysis
M-type of LDH is mostly found in?
liver and muscles
M-type isozyme catalyzes…
reduction of pyruvate to lactate
what does M-type isozyme regenerate?
NAD+ via the coupled oxidation of NADH to NAD+ along with reduction of pyruvate to lactate
Why is glycolysis the major source of ATP for muscles when exercising?
It is a faster process and it can keep up with the muscle’s demands since oxidative phosphorylation cannot
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate?
H-type of LDH which is found in the heart
Can oxidative phosphorylation keep up with the heart’s demands?
Yes
