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CHEM 46 > Fast Facts > Flashcards

Fast Facts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Nutrients and cell components broken down to make energy available.

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2
Q

What is anabolism?

A

synthesis of biomolecules from simple compounds

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3
Q

Autotrophs?

A

organisms that can synthesize cellular constituents from simple molecules

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4
Q

Photoautotrophs/phototrophs?

A

use light energy to produce carbohydrates

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5
Q

chemoautotrophs/chemolithotrophs?

A

use oxidizing agents to obtain energy through oxidation

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6
Q

heterotrophs

A

obtain carbon from food produced by autotrophs

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7
Q

obligate aerobes?

A

use dioxygen in cellular reactions

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8
Q

obligate anaerobes?

A

poisoned by dioxygen

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9
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

can switch metabolic pathways

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10
Q

pellagra

A

disease due to lack of niacine

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11
Q

beriberi

A

disease due to lack of thiamine

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12
Q

pernicious anemia

A

lack of cobalamin

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13
Q

scurvy

A

lack of vitamin C

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14
Q

Night blindness

A

lack of vitamin A

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15
Q

rickets

A

lack of vitamin D

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16
Q

hemorrhage

A

lack of vitamin K

17
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

precursors for coenzymes

18
Q

Examples of fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

19
Q

Catabolic and anabolic reactions are coupled, how?

A

catabolic : converging as anabolic : diverging

20
Q

Mitochondria: oxidative phosphorylation as cytosol : ___________

A

glycolysis

21
Q

M-type of LDH is mostly found in?

A

liver and muscles

22
Q

M-type isozyme catalyzes…

A

reduction of pyruvate to lactate

23
Q

what does M-type isozyme regenerate?

A

NAD+ via the coupled oxidation of NADH to NAD+ along with reduction of pyruvate to lactate

24
Q

Why is glycolysis the major source of ATP for muscles when exercising?

A

It is a faster process and it can keep up with the muscle’s demands since oxidative phosphorylation cannot

25
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate?

A

H-type of LDH which is found in the heart

26
Q

Can oxidative phosphorylation keep up with the heart’s demands?

A

Yes

CHEM 46 (15 decks)

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