Mix9 Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs could you use to correct coagulopathy in platelet dysfunction in uremic platelets?

A

Can use desmopressin (DDAVP), cryoprecipitate, and conjugated estrogens.

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2
Q

What’s the most common site of ulnar nerve entrapment?

A

ELBOW. Where the ulnar nerve lies at the medial epicondyle groove.

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3
Q

Common extrarenal manifestations of AD PCKD:

A

Intracranial berry aneurysm (most common), hepatic cysts, valvular heart dz, colonic diverticula, abdominal and inguinal hernia.

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4
Q

Drug class for chlorthalidone:

A

thiazide diuretic

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5
Q

NSAIDs can cause prerenal AKI due to:

A

afferent arteriole constriction

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6
Q

Rx for acute epididymitis in older patient:

A

Levofloxacin (E colic MCC in older Pt)

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7
Q

Cough with daily mucopurulent sputum production, rhinosinusitis, dyspnea, hemoptysis, crackles, and wheezing:

A

chronic bronchiectasis. This is bronchial wall damage and airway dilation due to recurrent cycles of infection, inflammation, and tissue damage. High res CT is best test for diagnosis.

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8
Q

What are the guidelines for BRCA mutation screening?

A

Only do BRCA mutation testing in Pt with FH of ovarian cancer at any age or personal/family H/o of breast cancer at age < 50 in first degree relative.

Don’t do BRCA screening for FH of endometrial/breast cancer at advanced age.

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9
Q

MCC of erysipelas:

A

Group A strep (s pyogenes). Superficial dermis and lymphatics, raised/sharply demarcated edges, rapid spread and onset.

  • S aureus is a common cause of cellulitis, not erysipelas. Cellulitis has slower onset with indistinct borders.
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10
Q

Varicocele that fails to empty when patient is recumbent:

A

Renal cell carcinoma. (tumor obstructs gonadal vein) Dx with abdominal CT

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11
Q

Why no phenytoin in pregnancy?

A

Teratogen. Causes “fetal hydantoin syndrome” characterized by orofacial clefts, microcephaly, nail/digit hypoplasia, dysmorphic facial features, and cardiac defects.

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12
Q

Why no valproic acid in pregnancy?

A

Causes neural tube defects and dysmorphic facial features.

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13
Q

Craniopharyngiomas have what embryologic origin?

A

Rathke’s pouch

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14
Q

Screen AAA in male smoker >65 w/smoking history. Do you perform U/S or low dose CT?

A

U/S

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15
Q

Patient with exertional syncope presents with the following: delayed/diminished carotid pulse, single soft second heart sound, mid to late systolic murmur. What’s the dx?

A

Aortic stenosis. Delayed/diminished carotid pulse is pulsus parvus et tardus.

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16
Q

Next best step if oropharyngeal dysphagia is suspected:

A

videofluoroscopic modified barium swallow.

Should have H/o of initiating swallowing with coughing, choking, or nasal regurg.

17
Q

All patients with acute exacerbation of COPD should receive ___ and ___

A

inhaled bronchodilators (B2 agonists [albuterol] and anticholinergics [ipratropium]) and systemic glucocorticoids (PO prednisone or IV methylprednisolone)

18
Q

Analgesic nephropathy can cause ESRD and manifests as what type of kidney damage?

A

Tubulointerstitial nephritis and papillary necrosis. Happens when Pt use combined analgesics like aspirin & naproxen

19
Q

If confirming a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, which test do you order? Nerve conduction studies or Electromyography?

A

Normally it’s a clinical Dx, but can confirm with nerve conduction studies.

20
Q

What are lewy bodies made of?

A

Lewy bodies are eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions representing accumulations of alpha synuclein and can be found in neurons in substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, and some other places.

21
Q

At what point do you consider referral for carotid endarterectomy?

A

If patient is symptomatic (TIA or ischemic stroke in distribution of affected vessel within 6 mo) with HIGH grade stenosis (70-99%)

22
Q

Acid base disturbance with salicylate intoxication:

A

Respiratory alkalosis (stimulates respiratory center in medulla)&raquo_space; AG metabolic acidosis