Mitral stenosis

Question 1

Mitral stenosis?

Answer 1

Mitral valve narrowing causing obstruction to blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

Question 2

Mitral stenosis risk factors?

Answer 2

90% by rheumatic fever.

Question 3

Mitral stenosis epidemiology?

Answer 3

incidence is declining because rheumatic fever is becoming rarer.

Question 4

Mitral stenosis symptoms (5)?

Answer 4

may be asymptomatic, fatigue, SOBOE, orthopnoea, palpitations.

Question 5

Mitral stenosis signs (7)?

Answer 5

peripheral cyanosis, malar flush, irregularly irregular pulse if in AF, parasternal heave, loud S1, mid-diastolic murmur, evidence of pulmonary oedema on lung auscultation.

Question 6

Mitral stenosis investigations ECG?

Answer 6

may be normal, may see p mitrale, evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy if theres severe pulmonary hypetension.

Question 7

Mitral stenosis investigations CXR?

Answer 7

left atrial enlargement, cardiac enlargement, pulmonary congestion, mitral valve calcification.

Question 8

Mitral stenosis investigations echocardiography?

Answer 8

assess functional and structural impairments

Question 9

Mitral stenosis investigations cardiac catherisation?

Answer 9

measures severity of heart failure.