DVT

Question 1

DVT?

Answer 1

Formation of a thrombus within the deep veins (most commonly in calf or thigh). Deep veins in the legs are more prone to blood stasis.

Question 2

DVT risk factors (10)?

Answer 2

COCP, post-surgery, prolonged immobility, obesity, pregnancy, dehydration, smoking, polycythaemia, thrombophilia, malignancy. Risk is stratified using the Wells score.

Question 3

DVT epidemiology?

Answer 3

very common.

Question 4

DVT symptoms (2)?

Answer 4

swollen limb, may be painless

Question 5

DVT signs (6)?

Answer 5

Local erythema, warmth and swelling, measure leg circumference, varicosities, skin colour change.

Question 6

DVT investigations?

Answer 6

Doppler ultrasound, bloods (D-dimer can be used as a negative predictor) ECG, CXR (if PE is suspected)

Question 7

DVT management (4)?

Answer 7

Anticoagulation (heparin whilst waiting for warfarin to increase),

IVC filter (may be used if anticoagulation is contraindicated and there’s a risk of embolism),

compression stockings,

mobilisation.

Question 8

DVT complications (4)?

Answer 8

PE, venous infarction, thrombophlebitis, chronic venous insufficiency.