Mitosis & Meiosis Flashcards
hopefully I won't fail
What does genome refer to?
A cell’s endowment of DNA, its genetic information
What are chromosomes?
The x-shaped thing that acts as a spool for yarn. The yarn would represent the DNA or chromatin
What is chromatin?
the entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the building material of chromosomes.
How many chromosomes are in somatic cells and how many are in reproductive cells (gametes)?
46 chromosomes in somatic and 23 in reproductive (gametes)
what are chromatids?
half of a chromosome. (there are 2 sister chromatids in each chromosome.
What’s a centromere?
the point at which the sister chromatids attach
What is mitosis?
The division of the genetic material in the nucleus
What are the 5 phases of Mitosis in order?
- Prophase, 2. Prometaphase, 3. Metaphase, 4. Anaphase, 5. Telophase
Describe Prophase
The chromatin starts condensing and the nucleolus begins to disappear.
Describe Prometaphase
Chromosomes appear each with 2 identical sister chromatids
Describe Metaphase
The spindle is complete, and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores are all at the metaphase plate.
Describe Anaphase
The chromatids have separated and the daughter chromosomes move to the ends of the cell
Describe Telophase
daughter nuclei form and cytokinesis starts. The cell plate divides the cytoplasm in two.
