Ch.9 cellular respiration Flashcards
fermentation
a catabolic process that breaks down sugars without the use of oxygen
aerobic respiration
a catabolic pathway in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with organic fuel.
What does it mean to be reduced?
to gain an electron
What does it mean to be oxidized?
to lose an electron
What’s a reducing agent?
Something that reduces something else by being oxidized. (gives away electrons)
What’s an oxidizing agent?
Something that oxidizes something else by being reduced. (receives electrons)
What is the main equation for cellular respiration?
glucose and oxygen make carbon dioxide and water as well as ATP.
what is glycolysis and what does it produce?
the breakdown of glucose producing 2 pyruvate, 2ATP, 2H2O, 2 NADH + 2H+
A protein complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane that makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
ATP synthase
The potential energy stored in the form of a proton electrochemical gradient, generated by pumping hydrogen ions across a membrane during chemiosmosis.
proton motive force
Organisms that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and that carry out only fermentation or anaerobic respiration, are known as
obligate anaerobes
Organisms that can make enough energy to survive using either fermentation or aerobic respiration are known as
facultative anaerobes
What is the equation for cell respiration?
6O2+ C6H12O6 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + 38 ATP
What is generated during glycolysis?
2 pyruvate, 2 water, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
what happens in the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
2 ATP molecules are used
What is generated during the oxidation of pyruvate?
1 CO2, 1 NADH
What happens during the oxidation of pyruvate?
Coenzyme A binds with pyruvate making Acetyl CoA which is the starting compound of the Citric Acid cycle.
What is generated during the Krebs cycle?
1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2
Explain the process of the Krebs cycle.
Acetyl CoA binds with oxaloacetate to make citric acid. Citric acid is then oxidized to form oxaloacetate to start the cycle again.
What is generated during oxidative phosphorylation?
H2O and 32-34 ATP molecules
What is the ETC?
electrons are accepted and donated until passed to O2, the final electron acceptor which forms water.
What happens during chemiosmosis?
the ETC pumps H+ into intermembrane space then back across the membrane in ATP synthase.
How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?
2 for each acetyl group
