Ch.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

what does a light microscope do?

A

shines a visible light through the specimen

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2
Q

What is a scanning electron microscope? (SEM)

A

It uses a beam of electrons to show a 3D image

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3
Q

What is a transmission electron microscope? (TEM)

A

uses a beam of electrons to show the inside of the specimen

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4
Q

What is cell fractionation?

A

isolating organelles through homogenization (the spinny thingy)

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5
Q

Name the characteristics of prokaryotic cells.

A

no nucleus, DNA is in an unbound region called nucleoid, lack of membrane-bound organelles

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6
Q

Name the characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

A

DNA in a nucleus surrounded by nuclear envelope, membrane-bound organelles

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7
Q

Why are cells so small?

A

The cell needs the surface area to be able to provide the volume with nutrients and let out toxins this can not happen if there is not enough surface area to support the cell.

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8
Q

Explain the Plasma membrane.

A

it is made up of a phospholipid bilayer (heads are hydrophilic and tails are hydrophobic which allows it to interact.

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9
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?

A

Plant cells have a large vacuole in the middle to store water and also contain chloroplasts as well as a cell wall and a plasmodesmata.

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10
Q

what does the nuclear envelope do?

A

it enclosed the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm.

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11
Q

what are ribosomes made up of and what is it’s function

A

made of rRNA and protein. they make proteins

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12
Q

what’s the difference between bound and free ribosomes?

A

bound ribosomes are attached to the ER or nuclear envelope whereas free ribosomes are in the cytosol

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13
Q

What is part of the endomembrane system?

A

Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane.

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14
Q

what does the smooth ER do?

A

it synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbs, stores calcium, and detoxifies poison

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15
Q

what does the rough ER do?

A

contains bound ribosomes which produce proteins

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16
Q

How is genetic material carried outside of the nucleus?

A

genetic material is carried out by ribosomes

17
Q

what’s the most conspicuous organelle?

A

the nucleus

18
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

it’s in the center of the nucleus and produces ribosomes and rRNA

19
Q

What organelle is the ER continuous with?

A

the nuclear envelope

20
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

modifies the products of the ER, manufactures certain macromolecules, and sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles.

21
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus consist of?

A

flattened membranous sacs called cisternae

22
Q

What is the structure/function of lysosomes?

A

made up of hydrolytic enzymes that hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. They also recycle organelles through a process called autophagy.

23
Q

what is the interior of the ER called?

A

ER lumen

24
Q

What are lysosomes and hydrolytic enzymes made by?

A

The rough ER then transferred to the Golgi.

25
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

when protists eat by engulfing smaller organisms or food particles. (nom nom)