Mitosis And Cell Division Flashcards
What is Mitosis?
Mitosis puts cells back together
The function is to produce two nuclei exactly the same as the parent cell’s nucleus
What are three things mitosis does
Healing and tissue repair
-replaces dead cells
- Millions die every second
Growth
-increases the number of cells
-must increase number of cells not just their size because of the surface area to volume ratio
Reproduction
-perpetuation of life
-Happens in unicellular and multicellular organisms
-too many cells=cancer
Cell cycle
1. What is interphase and the three phases involved
Interphase occurs before mitosis and prepares the cell for division
1. G1-grow, live, copy organelles
2. Sphase-copy chromosomes
3. G2-make proteins, ATP, and prepares for Mitosis
Cell cycle
2. what is prophase
-chromosomes first become visible.
-Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappears
-centrioles start to divide and move to opposite poles of the cell
-condense and look like X
Cell cycle
3. What is metaphase
-Chromosomes align on metaphase plate (imaginary plate). They move to the middle.
- mitotic Spindles attach to chromosomes centromere and moves them to the middle
Cell cycle
4. Anaphase
-begins with separation of the sister chromosomes
-the now daughter chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
-daughter cells are exact copy(have all the genes they need)
-spindle is broken
Cell cycle
5. What is telophase?
-chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed
-Cleavage furrow starts forming(pinches the cytoplasm into 2 lobes)
-2 Nuclear membrane forms around two groups of chromosomes sealing them up
Cell cycle
6. What is Cytokinesis ?
The physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughters cells
What are sister chromatids?
Identical copies of chromosomes, connected by the centremere, formed during DNA replication and separated during cell division
What holds the chromatids together?
By a structure called centromere
What is the main difference between cell division in plant and animal cells?
Plants form a cell plate during cytokinesis,while for animals a cleavage furrow starts forming
What happens in interphase vs mitosis
Interphase
-cell growth occurs
-protein production is high
-chromosomes are duplicated
-DNA synthesis occurs
-Mitochondria and other organelles are made
Mitosis
-nuclear division occurs
-chromosomes are finishing moving into separate daughter cells
-cytoplasm divides immediately after this period
What the important job that the proteins do in the cell cycle?
They make sure everything is correct before allowing is to move to the next step
