DNA Flashcards
What is the DNA backround info?
- The nucleus is the control centre of the cell
- The nucleus contains chromosomes
- The recipes in your chromosomes are written down in the language of nucleic acids
Do different species have the same amount of chromosomes?
No, species have different amount of chromosomes
Who is James Watson and Francis Crick and what did they discover? (1953)
-They discovered the structure of DNA
-They described DNA as a double helix
- Each rung of DNA ladder is made by a pair of nucleotides
- Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA
There are 4 nucleotides that build DNA. What are they and what ones go together?
There is Adenine (A) ,Thymine (T) ,Guanine (G) , and Cytosine (C)
A and T go together and G and C go together.
What do nucleotides consist of?
A phosphate, a pentose (5 sided) sugar, and nitrogen containing base
What does the Nitrogen base do?
It determines wether a nucleotide is an A, T, G, C
The sequence of the A’s, T’s, G’s and C’s are called gens
Chromosomes
- Cells are the recipe book, if one thing is wrong then it won’t work
- The recipes are gens
- they look like X’s
What do Karyotypes tell you?
They tell you information about chromosomes but not what gens are on them. (You can tell in they are a boy or girl by looking at the last pair, Girls have an X and guys have an Xy
What is RNA and protein
RNA is just a copy of a DNA recipe (a gene copy) and protein is like the final dish
What are the changes of getting diabetes if your parents have Tt and Tt
The chance is a 1 in 4. ( use a table to figure out)
How many chromosomes do humans have and how to you organize them?
Humans have 46 chromosomes (26 pairs) unless they have an extra or a missing one because of mutation
Organizing chromosomes you start with the big one.
Diploid = 2 of every chromosome
What is Mutation?
Mutation is the change in the DNA of an organism. It changes the gens and a mutation in gens can alter the structure of the protein it produces. Affecting how well it does it’s job
Ex:the protein change makes it less able to function, making it less capable to help blood carry oxygen
What’s viruses?
-have DNA and RNA
-can’t fight them off with medication
-go in cells and duplicate until it explodes
Why are gmos useful?
- Increased crop yield
- Pest resistance reduces pesticide use
- Disease resistance prevents crop loss
- Nutritional enhancement adds vitamins/nutrients
- Environmental benefits with less resource use
What happens if you have missing nucleotides ?
Missing nucleotides can lead to mutations, which may disrupt the normal function of genes. This can result in improper protein production, it will potentially lead to diseases, developmental issues,
What does RNA have U’s and not T’s?
-U’s help maintain the stability and flexibility of RNA
-U is formed from C, making it cheaper to produce
