Digestive System Flashcards
What is the Mesentary?
-membrane that supports intestine
-holds it together so it doesn’t uncoil
-supply nerve, blood and lymph vessels
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
1.Duodenum
-where chemical breakdown occurs
-Secretion from pancreas and liver enters through a duct
-25cm
2.Jejunum
-2.5m
-breaks down remaining protein and carbohydrates
3.Ilieum
-3.5m
-absorbes nutrients
-pushes undigested stuff in large intestine
What are the 2 types of digestion?
1.Machanical- chew your food
2.Chemical breakdown-with acid and enzymes
What is the first stage of food processing?
Ingestion-taking nutrients into the body
What is the second stage of food processing?
Digestion-breakdown of macromolecules into organic molecules using chemical and physical means(break it up to make something better)
Ex: carbohydrates to simple sugar
What is the third stage of food processing?
Absorption: Digested molecules to cell in lining of digestive tract to blood vessels to all body cells
What is the fourth and last stage of food processing?
Ejection:Elimination of waste from the body
What is the oral cavity to nasal?
- your mouth
-where you chew , first step of digestion along with saliva
What is salivary glands/saviva?
Saviva
-first step of chemical digestion
-lubricates and has enzymes(breaks down carbs)
Salivary glands
-these help form a slippery ball of food called bolus
What is the stomach?
-Mucosal lining protects it
-There are sphincters(muscle tissue, it contracts) when food goes in your stomach it closes, so it doesn’t go back up
What is the Small Intestine?
-where digestion and absorption occurs
-Chyme(food) remains for 6hours
What digestive organ releases enzymes to balance sugar levels?
Pancrius
What is the liver?
-blood from stomach and intestine of in liver
-does detoxification
-laser guns fat and beaks it into fat globes
What 3 organs that release digestive juices into the small intestine
-pancreas
-gallbladder
-liver
How does the vili (in the small intestine) structure relate to its function?
Has projections, the shape allows for the nutrients to have lots of surface area to go into. They also have capillaries so the nutrients can be taken up and transported. Kinda looks like waves
What does the large intestine do?
Re absorbes water and vitamins
And eliminated stuff stays in the rectum until you poop it out
Separate from small by sphincter
What does the liver do?
-secretes bile
-holds 13% of blood
-detoxification
- protein synthesis
What does the pancreas do?
Produces enzymes to break down food and balance sugar levels (insulin and glucagon)
What is the kidney?
The excretory system uses kidneys as a organ of filtration, it removes waste
How does the shape of an enzyme relate to its function?
So that it fits the substance involved in the reaction it is catalysing
Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies.
What is peristalsis?
Series of wavelike muscular contractions and relaxation
To move food:
1.circular muscle around the food relax
2.the longitudinal muscle in front contract
3. The circular muscle directly behind contract
4.the longitudinal muscles then relax
What is the rectum? (End of large intestine)
1.As waste builds up in rectum
2.stretch receptors signal the brain
3.eliminated through anal sphincter
