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BIO & GENETICS > Mitosis > Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is cell division

A

a process by which a cell divides to form two new cells (daughter cells)

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2
Q

What is binary fission

A

the division of a cell into two new identical cells - used by prokaryotes

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3
Q

What is mitosis

A

the process of cell duplication, or reproduction during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells

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4
Q

Which type of cell division do prokaryotes use

A

Binary Fission

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5
Q

What are the 5 stages of mitosis

A 
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase (+cytokinesis)
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6
Q

What happens in interphase

A

DNA replicates ready for cell division

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7
Q

What happens in prophase

A

Nuclear envelope dissolves

Chromosomes condense

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8
Q

Which part of mitosis makes chromosomes visible under a microscope?

A

When chromosomes condense in prophase

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9
Q

What happens in metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up along the middle equator of the cell

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10
Q

What happens in anaphase

A

Spindle fibres break apart sister chromatids and pull them to opposite ends of the cell via the centromeres

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11
Q

What happens in telophase

A

Nuclear envelope reforms
Daughter cells pull apart
Cytoplasm divides equally (cytokinesis) so that two new daughter cells are formed
- plus spindle fibres break down

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12
Q

What is meiosis

A

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores (rather than mitosis that results in only 2 daughter cells)

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13
Q

What is mitosis for?

A

Making identical body cells
Growth and repair
replace worn out cells

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14
Q

what does meiosis produce?

A

sperm and eggs cells - gametes

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15
Q

How many chromosomes do gametes have?

A

23 - the haploid number

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16
Q

How many interphases happen in meiosis?

A

1

17
Q

What are the phases of meiosis?

A 
Interphase
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
18
Q

In which phase does crossing over happen?

A

Prophase I

19
Q

What is crossing over?

A

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which results in new allelic combinations in the daughter cells.

20
Q

Why is crossing over important?

A

Increases genetic variation in a gene pool - it makes recombinant chromosomes

21
Q

What is the name for chromosomes after crossing over?

A

recombinant chromosomes

22
Q

What happens during Prophase I of meiosis?

A

Chromosomes match up with their homologous pairs
Crossing over occurs
Nuclear envelop breaks down
Chromosomes condense

23
Q

What happens in Metaphase I?

A

Pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the middle of the cell

24
Q

What is the difference between metaphase I in meiosis and mitosis?

A

In mitosis there are only 1 set of chromosomes in the middle

In meiosis there are pairs

25
Q

What happens in Anaphase I?

A

spindle fibres pull each homologous chromosome AWAY to the opposite ends of the cell

26
Q

What happens in Telophase I

A 
Two new daughter cells are formed
Cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis)
27
Q

What happens in prophase II ?

A

New spindle forms around the chromosomes in both divisions
Chromosome condense
Nuclear envelope disintegrates
(Centromeres migrate to polar ends??)

28
Q

What happens in Anaphase II?

A

The sister chromatids are pulled away to opposite ends of the cell by spindle fibres

29
Q

What happens in Telophase II?

A

Nuclear envelop reforms
Cytokinesis divides cytoplasm
4 new daughter cells are formed

30
Q

How does Anaphase I and II differ?

A

In Anaphase I - there are a pair of chromosomes that each are pulled to opposite ends
In Anaphase II there is only one line of chromosomes that get split at the centromere so that the chromatids are pulled away to opposite ends

31
Q

How does Anaphase I and II differ?

A

In Anaphase I - there are a pair of chromosomes that each are pulled to opposite ends
In Anaphase II there is only one line of chromosomes that get split at the centromere so that the chromatids are pulled away to opposite ends

32
Q

does crossing over occur in prophase II?

A

No

BIO & GENETICS (21 decks)

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