Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO & GENETICS > DNA transcription > Flashcards

DNA transcription Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 chemical bases of DNA?

A

A - adenine
G - guanine
C - cytosine
T - Thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are bases attached to?

A

A sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule (makes up the sugar-phosphate backbone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 3 parts comprise a nucleotide?

A

Base
Sugar
Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are chromosomes made of?

A

Tightly coiled DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is DNA coiled around to form the chromosome?

A

proteins called histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the centromere?

A

the constriction point of the chromosome (the centre of the X shape)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which arm of the chromosome is the p arm and which is the q arm?

A

p arm = the short arm

q arm = longer arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define transcription

A

The process whereby a genetic template for a protein is copied and carried out to the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which enzyme catalyses transcription?

A

RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 main steps of transcription?

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens in the initiation phase of transcription?

A

RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA strand
Binds to promotor sequence of DNA
Enzyme unwinds a portion of the DNA, exposing bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the structure of DNA

A

Two long strands of nucleotides spiralling into a double helix, where bases are paired and connected to a sugar-phosphate backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the structure of a chromosome

A

a chromosome is tightly packed DNA, coiled in a thread-like structure around histones (proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

One side of the chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many chromatids make a chromosome?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What shape are phosphate molecules?

A

pentagon

17
Q

What does the promotor sequence do in the initiation phase of transcription?

A

It informs the RNA polymerase enzyme where to begin transcription

18
Q

What happens in the elongation phase of transcription?

A

The template strand is read in a 3’ to 5’ direction

RNA polymerase uses ribonucleotides to form the mRNA strand (template) using complementary base pairing

19
Q

What happens in the termination phase of transcription?

A

When RNA polymerase encounters a stop sequence, elongation stops
RNA polymerase detaches from the gene
it releases the mRNA into the cytoplasm to find a ribosome

BIO & GENETICS (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions