DNA translation

Question 1

What is translation

Answer 1

the process by which mRNA is used a template to code for specific proteins in protein synthesis

Question 2

Where does translation happen?

Answer 2

In ribosomes (in the cytoplasm)

Question 3

What are the 3 main steps of translation?

Answer 3

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 4

What happens in the initiation phase of translation?

Answer 4

Start codon (methionine) is recognised

small ribosomal subunit binds to 5’ end of mRNA

Large ribosomal subunit then joins

Question 5

What is the start codon?

Answer 5

AUG - methionine

Question 6

What are the 3 possible stop codons?

Answer 6

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 7

What happens during the elongation phase of translation

Answer 7

the tRNA that corresponds to the next mRNA enters ribosome at A site - Carries amino acid with it

The amino acid is covalently bonded to methionine

tRNA detaches and leaves ribosome

everything shifts over to makes way for next tRNA

Process continues down mRNA, growing polypeptide chain

Question 8

What happens in the termination phase of translation?

Answer 8

A stop codon enters A site

peptide and tRNA in P site become hydrolysed

Polypeptide chain is completed and released into cytoplasm

Small and large ribosomal subunits dissociate