MENDELIAN GENETICS Flashcards
What is the law of segregation
when an individual produces gametes, the copies of a gene separate, so that each gamete receives only one copy (A gamete will receive one allele or the other)
What is the law of independent assortment?
Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation
What did Gregor Mendel do?
He conducted early genetic research, cross-breeding pea plants to explain the transmission of characteristics from one generation to another.
He specifically looked at traits such as plant height and flower colour
What did Mendel find in his research?
One trait (i.e: being tall) would always conceal another form (i.e: being short) - dominant and recessive alleles
In the F2 generation, hidden traits sometimes reappeared - shows that traits were inherited in pairs but only one of the pair was expressed
What were Mendel’s main conclusions? (2)
That traits are controlled by a PAIR of inheritable factors.
The dominant form can repress the expression of the recessive
What are Mendel’s 2 laws of genetics?
The law of segregation
The law of independent assortment
Define phenotype
The physical expression of characteristics in an organism
Define genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
What does a monohybrid cross estimate?
It predicts how a SINGLE trait may come out in offspring
Name 4 environmental factors that can effect phenotypes
Any from: Quality/ quantity of feed Climate conditions Exposure to parasites / disease Terrain type UV exposure
Which law states that alleles of different genes assort independently of each other during gamete formation?
Law of independence
Which law states that when an individual produces gametes, the copies of a gene separate, so that each gamete receives only one copy
Law of seperation
What are the 3 types of controlled breeding?
Outcrossing
Cross breeding
Hibrid vigor/ heterosis
What is out breeding?
controlled breeding where purebred animals are bred with unrelated purebred animals
what is cross breeding?
A controlled breeding method where animals are bred with others of the same species but different breeds (i.e: a labrodor and a poodle = labrodoodle)
