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MSDF > Mitochondrial Transporters > Flashcards

Mitochondrial Transporters Flashcards

1
Q

Where does ATP production occur?

A

In the matrix of mitochondria

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2
Q

Where are metabolite transporters found in the mitochondria?

A

In the inner-membrane

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3
Q

What is the general structure of mitochindrial metabolite transporters?

A

A conserved protein fold of 6 transmembrane helices

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4
Q

What drives the mitochondrial ATP/ADP carrier?

A

Membrane potential

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5
Q

What kind of transporter is the mitochondrial ATP/ADP carrier?

A

Antiporter

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6
Q

What does an electrogenic transporter mean?

A

A transporter results in a net movement of charge across the membrane

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7
Q

What is the direction of transport of ATP in the mitochondrial ATP/ADP carrier?

A

ATP out of the mitochondria

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8
Q

What is the direction of transport of ADP in the mitochondrial ATP/ADP carrier?

A

Into the mitochondria

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9
Q

What is the change in charge every time the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier moves?

A

lose -1 charge

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10
Q

How many ATP are transported into the mitochondria for 2 ADPs by the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier?

A

3 ATPs

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11
Q

What is the structure of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier?

A
  • 6 transmembrane helices arranged in 3 x 2 helix repeats
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12
Q

What do amino acids do the 2 helix repeats found in the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier often contain?

A

Proline and glycine

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13
Q

Why do the 2 helix motifs of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier often contain glycine or proline?

A

Proline and glycine induce kinks/flexibility which allows the helices to be very dynamic

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14
Q

Why is it important for transport helices to be very dynamic?

A

So they can re-orient and undergo conformational changes

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15
Q

Why does proline introduce kinks and flexibility into protein helices?

A
  • Lacks an avaliable NH group to form helical hydrogen bonds
  • Contains a bulky 5 member ring
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16
Q

How does the alternate access model work for the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier?

A
  • ADP binds, transition occurs and re-opens to face the matrix side
  • ADP diffuses into the matrix
  • ATP can then bind, transition occurs and re-opens to face the cytoplasm side
  • ATP diffuses out
17
Q

What was used to provide a matrix open state of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier?

A
  • BKA
  • Protein from thermphilic organisms
  • Nanobody
18
Q

How did BKA help to give a martrix open structure of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier?

A

It inhibited the carrier

19
Q

How did using the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier from a thermophilic organism help to get a matrix open state?

A
  • Proteins from thermophilic organisms tend to be mostly functional at high temperatures
  • When cooled they tend to be more solid and ordered so easier to get a nice crystal
20
Q

How does the channel in the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier reorganize itself in transitions between open states?

A
  • Binding sites stay in a constant with respect to the membrane
  • Pivots to reorient access between matrix and cytoplasm
21
Q

How does the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier attract ATP on the matrix side?

A

There is a really positive surface exposed

22
Q

What drives the mitochondrial phosphate/H+ symporter?

A

pH gradient

23
Q

Is the mitochondrial phosphate/H+ symporter electroneutral? Why?

A

yes because H+ and phosphate (-1) are transported together

24
Q

Does the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier use PMF?

A

No

25
Q

Does the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier use membrane potential?

A

Yes as it moves 1 charge but no H+

26
Q

Does the mitochondrial phosphate/H+ symporter use some of the H+ gradient?

A

Yes as it moves 1H+

27
Q

How many H+ does ATP synthase use per ATP?

A

3-5

28
Q

Per ATP generated how much charge and how many H+ are used for ADP/ATP/Pi overall transport?

A

1H+ and one charge

MSDF (30 decks)

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