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Geogrpahy A Level > Miss jones EQ1 > Flashcards

Miss jones EQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

Regeneration:

A

Redeveloping former industrial areas or outdated housing to bring about economic+social change.
Plans focus fabric of place:new buildings+spaces w/new purposes

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2
Q

Place:

A
  • may describe area or location
  • can be artificial urban or modified rural landscapes
  • may vary characteristics
  • shaped internal+external connections
  • place boundaries fixed or fluid
  • different meaning to individuals perceptions, engagement or attachment
  • changing sometimes rapidly or slowly driven processes 3 scales local, national+global
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3
Q

Differences in economy Kingston, hackney and England

A

Income: K-£35,500 H-29,500 E-28,000 mean
Employment: K-70.9% H-63.6% E-71.1% employed

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4
Q

Differences in social Kingston, Hackney and England

A

Education: K-48.3% H-14.4% E-16.5% degree/higher
Health: K-1.1% H-6.8% E-4.5% bad health
Life exp: K-83.8 H-80.9 E-81.6 years

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5
Q

Why differences economic activity reflected in social factors

A
  • unemployment clear impact health,life exp +education
  • growing up overtly and likelihood dropping out further education associated poorer health later on
  • Ill health+disability impact on ability work
  • inter generational habits cycle of passing on to children i.e. expectations doing home work in family
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6
Q

Index of multiple deprivation (IMD)

A
  • used by govts+local authorities to target regeneration aid, allocated resources+target hotspots of crime
  • not everyone=‘deprived’ in a deprived area and vice versa
  • data set may be qualitative or quantitative
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7
Q

Functions(determined by type ppl live there+many influences on their life) administrative-

A

To organise everyday life e.g. county courts, banks

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8
Q

Commercial-

A

Office space e.g. headquarters for commerce

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9
Q

Retail-

A

Shopping areas as a leisure activity+restaurants

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10
Q

Reasons for change in function

A
  • mechanisation reduced need manual labour workers moved into industrial areas or just physical space influences
  • areas grew into commercial centres+ emerging middle class needed to org everyday life with administrative functions
  • post-industrial economic gds transported all over world+ distributed around country towns compete become important retail destinations + more disposable incomes growing growing pop spend tourism
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11
Q

Demographic characteristics (ppl who live in an area;age+ethnicity) gentrification-

A

Richer ppl improve poorer areas more expensive houses, shops

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12
Q

CS London dock lands reasons change physical factors:

A
  • containerisation meant too big for shallow Thames water 1970s until 1970 Uks largest dock
  • cranes replaced traditional workers so fewer jobs available
  • becoming derelict= gd for new buildings
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13
Q

CS London dock lands reasons change accessibility+ connectedness:

A

Aeroplanes made transporting gds faster and fresher
Developing docklands light railway+Ldn city airport 5km from Canary
Gd location as central London
New transport development+links allowing ppl travel longer distances work heavily inv W/ tube, city airport, jubilee line

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14
Q

CS london docklands reasons for change historical development:

A

WW2 docklands bombed+ as rebuilt many ppl found alternative means of trade

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15
Q

CS london docklands reasons for change role of local and national planning:

A
  • planning permission granted 1991 co’s could obtain tax breaks on new building to attract investors
  • LDDC(London Docklands Development Corporation) flagship project Canary Wharf everyday 100,000commuters+325,000work in city inv banks+knowledge econ now ldn’s 2nd CBD huge transformation to high-rise office blocks and higher earning jobs generating other jobs
  • 1980s Right to Buy scheme those living council housing right buy at reduced price transferring housing public-private pushing lower income ppl out
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16
Q

Remaining problems in London docklands:

A

Those poor health unable work in remaining low-cost social housing led to deprivation in Tower Hamlets W/ lowest avg life exp ldn 77yrs

17
Q

Regional influences hackney

A
  • 4Ldn overground tube stations Hackney:central,wick,downs +homerton
  • links Liverpool st stating allowing greater commuter access all over ldn+UK also facilitates businesses setting up (6different tube lines running thru+4national rail services)25mins on DLR or 20 road
  • main road A10, runs from N to central ldn
  • Hackney Empire, Lido+ Victoria parks+ pubs,bars+ restaurants allowing wide range ppl use including family changing soc characteristics
18
Q

Regional influences Kingston

A
  • train station into+out ldn allowing commuters
  • Waterloo station about 25mins on train
  • many bus routes allowing connection places not on train line
  • many shops+businesses allowing local jobs+attracting ppl to area
19
Q

National influences Hackney:

A
  • labour govt in power=focus social development major Philip Glanville
  • 1 website advertising ‘most fashionable post code in capital’ can change type ppl living in area
  • traditionally housed dockland+factory workers+heavily bombed WW2 post war industry primarily bottom end enterprise but post 1980 govt deregulation led growth industries coz Canary Wharf Stratford
  • emerging cross rail hotspots e ldn led house price growth
20
Q

National influences Kingston

A
  • labour govt Ed davey= focus soc development
  • articles: “top spot”for fast broadband, “among best performing councils about social care”, NM ldn “little Korea”
  • 20th century local industry declined+ factories redeveloped for offices, housing+food+drink premises W/more transport initiative shopping grew
21
Q

International influences Hackney:

A
  • 2016 £1bn EU inv affordable homes ldn including Hackney
  • EU Inv bank firm commitment support social+affordable housing ldn
  • twinned Soweto SA show anti-apartheid movement at time lrg black SA pop
  • lrg Jewish community post war led twinning W/Israel still exchanged skls+hospitals
  • culturally diverse area significant ‘other white’ black+Turkish communities
22
Q

International influences Kingston

A
  • EU social fund aids education June 2011-July 15 helped support 1100 young ppl yr10+11 risk NEET
  • twins Jaffna (Sri Lanka)W/ Tamil community approx 12,000
  • predominantly white area but reasonable amount other ethnic groups W/quite lrg Asian community NM
23
Q

Global influences Hackney:

A
  • High broadband speeds info connections W/lrg no. tech firms inv area, much connections communications>rest Uk enables social communications+global trading
  • many global brands along Hackney Walk Nike,Burberry+UGG due artistic rep some global fashion brands headquarters (Anya Hindmarch)
  • global brand may out compete local
24
Q

Global influences Kingston:

A
  • gd internet connections W/highly residential+gd int co
  • many int brands e.g. 2 McDonalds
  • these co may out compete local brands altho most shops national/local
25
Q

Kingston age demographics

A

0-18=22.3%
16-64=68.4%
65+=12.7%

26
Q

Kingston ethnicity demographic

A

White=74.5%
Black and Asian=22.5%
And others

27
Q

Kingston type of housing

A

2013 avg £340,000
Most ppl detached/semi housing
More affordable homes but slow rate

28
Q

Hackney age demographic

A

U20=1/4
20-29=21%
55+=18%

29
Q

Hackney ethnicity demographic

A

Eng/British=36%
Black African=11%
Other white=16%
Significant ‘other’ black+Turkish communities

30
Q

Hackney type of housing

A

45% social housing

Lots affordable rented+shared ownership+more housing

31
Q

Hackney employment status

A

Public services=28%
Knowledge based sector=33%
Largest pro scientific + technical both at 13.4%
Overall lower than ldn avg

32
Q

Hackney highest qualifications

A

High lvl qualifications increased 30% than 10yrs ago

33
Q

Reasons for change in a place role of national and local planning

A
  • national govt policies to increase housing, improve accessibility and connectedness e.g.Hs2
  • national govt policies to conserve culturally or environmentally important places
  • local planning grants or refuses permission for changes to places
34
Q

Reasons for change in a place accessibility and connectedness

A
  • developing motorway and railway networks
  • increased migration
  • access to fibre-optic broadband
35
Q

Reasons for change in a place physical factors

A
  • coastal erosion
  • increased flood risk
  • concern about climate change
36
Q

Reasons for change in a place historical development

A
  • primary,historic functions of places often no longer important e.g. port cities can lose their primary functions when trade routes change
  • change in residents’ needs and priorities e.g, increasing demand for detached housing
  • repurposing of historic buildings e.g. warehouses into apartments
37
Q

Reasons for change in a place globalisation

A
  • deindustrialisation in the UK, as manufacturing co have moved production to cheaper places
  • migration into the UK e.g. from the European Union
  • changes to retail e.g. Amazon

Geogrpahy A Level (11 decks)

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