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Obs AM > Miscarriage > Flashcards

Miscarriage Flashcards

1
Q

What is a miscarriage?

A

Spontaneous loss of pregnancy before 24 weeks

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2
Q

How can miscarriages be differentiated?

A

Before vs after 12 weeks

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3
Q

What are the types of miscarriage?

A 
Threatened
Inevitable
Incomplete
Complete
Early foetal demise aka missed
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4
Q

What is a threatened miscarriage?

A

Viable foetus and bleeding but no cervical dilatation

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5
Q

What is an inevitable miscarriage?

A

Viable foetus, bleeding and dilatation

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6
Q

What is an incomplete miscarriage?

A

Products of conception retained in uterus, endometrium >15mm

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7
Q

What is a compete miscarriage?

A

No products of conception and endometrium <15mm

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8
Q

What is early foetal demise?

A

Foetal demise but remains in uterus

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of miscarriage?

A

Chromosomal abnormality

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10
Q

What are the classes of causes of miscarriage?

A 
Foetal abnormality
Uterine abnormality
Cervical incompetence
Maternal condition
Infection
Immunology
Trauma
Unknown
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11
Q

What foetal abnormalities can cause miscarriage?

A

Chromosomal
Genetic
Anatomical

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12
Q

What maternal conditions can cause miscarriage?

A

DM
Thyroid
Increasing age

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13
Q

What is the presentation of a threatened miscarriage?

A

Vaginal bleeding
Abdo pain
Closed cervix

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14
Q

What is the presentation of an inevitable miscarriage?

A

Heavy vaginal bleeding +/- clots
Abdo pain
Open cervix

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15
Q

What is the presentation of an incomplete miscarriage?

A

Vaginal bleeding, which can be heavy
Open cervix
Retained products on conception

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16
Q

What is the presentation of early foetal demise?

A

Normally asymptomatic
Light vaginal bleeding, brown discharge
Pregnancy symptoms disappear- e.g. nausea

17
Q

What is the management of a threatened miscarriage?

A

Supportive, watch and wait

18
Q

What is the management of an inevitable miscarriage?

A

Supportive, watch and wait

Medical- mifepristone and misopristol if increased risk of haemorrhage, previous complications, infection

19
Q

What is the management of early foetal demise?

A

Suction evacuation/curettage

20
Q

What is the management of an incomplete miscarriage?

A

Suction evacuation/curettage

21
Q

What are the complications of miscarriage?

A

Haemorrhage
Infection
Psychological
Recurrent

22
Q

What is recurrent miscarriage?

A

3 or more consecutive miscarriages

23
Q

What can cause recurrent miscarriage?

A 
Endocrine- DM, thyroid, PCOS
Uterine abnormality
Parental chromosomal abnormality
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Thrombophilia

Obs AM (17 decks)

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