Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > misc 3 > Flashcards

misc 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Scala media is separated from scala vestibuli by ……

A

Reissner’s (vestibular) membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The first fetal movement occurs at …..

A

2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cleidocranial dysostosis affects bones of ……

A

intermembranous ossification origin

* causes defect in skull, facial bones & clavicle. Also dental anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Upper fibers of the trapezius ……., while the lower fibers ……..

A

elevate the acromion
depress the medial of the scapula
* Flexion of neck is through the SCM (one side of SCM will turn face sideways)
* elevation of scapula is through levator scapulae & rhomboids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The sciatic nerve controls ……

A

knee flexion

  • It is the longest nerve in the body
  • Derived from sacral plexus
  • Supply all muscles of foot, leg, and posterior thigh
  • In contrast, femoral N. responsible for knee extension
  • Divides at the back of the knee into lateral peroneal N. & medial tibial N
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The obturator nerve supplies ……..

A

the medial aspect of the thigh

* Hip adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A patient with a foot drop may indicate damage to ……..

A

deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hip abduction is mediated by …….

A

superior gluteal N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The origin of the cerebellar climbing fibers is ……

A

the medullary olivary nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Conc. of RBC is higher in men due to …….

A

erythrogenic effect of androgen

* In men 4.5 - 6 million/mm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hematocrit for men is ……

A

40 - 55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sickle cell anemia is the result of …….

A

single base pair substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the 6th position of the b subunit of hemoglobin
* In this disease, RBCs lose their pliability, causing clogging of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

G6PD deficiency leads to ………

A

hemolytic anemia due to decrease NADPH and inability to maintain RBC membrane
* Induced by sulfa drugs, fova beans & oxidants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

After Hb break down, iron binds to ……, and then it combines with …..

A

transferrin

apoferritin (to form ferritin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neutrophiles have …. lobes and contain …..

A

3 - 5 lobes
azurophilic granules (lysosomes)
* Primary cells of acute inflammation
* Comprise 60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Eosinophilia is ……..

A

increase in the number of eosinophils with parasitic infection, neoplasms, asthma or allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The largest of the peripheral blood cells is ……., which have a ….. nucleus

A

monocyte
kidney shaped
* Constitutes 1 - 3 %
* Nucleus stains lighter than lymphocyte due to loosely arranged chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The life span of platelets is around …..

A

10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Platelets have two zones, …. & …..

A

hyalomere (peripheral, light staining) & granulomere (central, dark staining, with granules, mitochondria)
* no nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Plasma contain the following proteins …….

A

albumin, globulin (alpha, beta, gamma), fibrinogen

  • Plasma is in equilibrium with extracellular fluid
  • Serum lacks fibrinogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lymph returns ……. into the circulation

A

escaped plasma proteins, lymphocytes & antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lymphatic capillaries begin as …….. and the endothelium ……

A

blind pouches or saccules

lack a continuous basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lymph vessels are not found in …….

A

nervous system, cartilage, thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hematopoiesis takes place in ……..

A

proximal ends of long bones, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, pelvis, flat bones of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The process of erythropoiesis is characterized by ……..

A

progressive decrease in size, gradual decrease in organelles, and progressive increase in Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pyknosis is …….

A

the irreversibe condensation of the chromatin in the nucleus. Followed by karyorrhexis (fragmentation of nucleus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The last cell to undergo mitosis in erythropoiesis is …….

A

the polychromatophilic erythroblast (checkerboard chromatin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the stages of erythrocytes formation?

A
  1. Proerythroblast
  2. Basophilic erythroblast
  3. Polychromatic erythroblast
  4. Normoblast
  5. Reticulocyte
  6. Erythrocyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The bone marrow is ……

A

highly sensitive to radiation, highly mitotic, and not highly specialized tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The last cell to undergo mitosis is granulopoiesis is …..

A

Myelocyte

* Also, the distinct granules for each type is included by Golgi in this stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Bandemia is ……..

A

the acute increase in the number of band neutrophils. Indicates acute infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Promonocyte differentiate from …..

A

monoblast. Gives rise to monocytes

* Monopoiesis is characterized by reduction in size & indentation of nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The largest cell in the bone marrow is …..

A

megakaryocyte

* produced from megakaryoblast, which undergo mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Megakaryocyte nucleus undergoes ……

A

nuclear division without cytoplasmic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The spleen lies into the ……… region and is protected by ……

A

hypochondriac
rib cage
* Covered by peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The splenic vessels pass in the ……

A

lienorenal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The lumbar lymph nodes drain …..

A

the legs, pelvis, gonads, kidneys, and hindgut

* The efferents drain through the lumbar trunks into cysterna chyli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cysterna chyli is …..

A

the initial dilated portion of the thoracic duct at the level of L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The thoracic duct passes the diaphragm through …….

A

the aortic orifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Atrial septal defect develops if ……

A

septum primum fails to fuse with the endocardial cushion

Testlet 72 anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The precentral gyrus is ……, while the post central is ……

A

primary motor cortex

primary sensory cortex

42
Q

The insula is …..

A

gustatory cortex

43
Q

The prokaryotic flagella is different from the eurkaryotic counterparts, as …..

A

they lack the 9 + 2 organization of microtubules

44
Q

A lesion of the cerebellopontine angel would affect …… (CN)

A

facial N & vestibulocochlear N

45
Q

The optic cup ectoderm gives rise to ………

A

muscles of the iris (sphincter & dilator)

* The only muscles not from mesoderm

46
Q

Somitomeres are ………

A

specialized masses of mesoderm found in the head region that give rise to the muscles of the head (including the extraoccular muscles)
* Note: the somites form the inferior muscles of the neck

47
Q

The buccinator origin is …….., and insertion is …….

A

processes of the Max. & Mand.

orbicualris oris

48
Q

Which one of the tongue papillae is avascular??

A

filiform papillae

49
Q

Zone pellucida stains red with PAS stain due to …….

A

rich content of glycoproteins & polysaccharide

50
Q

What is the abductor of the arm and its origin & insertion??

A

the deltoid muscle

Origin is the clavicle & scapula, insertion is the deltoid tuberosity of humerus

51
Q

What is the order of content of the intercostal space

A

V - A - N

* The nerve is the least shielded by the rib

52
Q

Psoas major muscle origin is ……, and insertion is …….

A 
L1 - L5 transverse processes
lesser trochanter 
* Innervation is lumbar plexus
* Action is external rotation & flexion
* Note: Passes near the appendix. +ve psoas sign is pain when attempting to straighten the thigh in case of appendicitis
53
Q

The femoral nerve supply ……

A

the quadriceps femoris muscle (extensor)

54
Q

The origin of the preganglionic neurons of the ANS is ……., while the postganglionic is ……

A 
neuroectoderm (along with CNS & somatic neurons of PNS)
neural crest (along with sensory neurons of PNS)
* Hirschsprung's disease could be due to NCC defect (since it forms the GIT ganglions)
55
Q

Hemidesmosomes connect …..

A

the epithelial cells to the basement membrane

* Desmosomes connect cells to each other

56
Q

Triploidy occurs when ……

A

the egg is fertilized by two sperms (3N, 69 chromosomes)

* Uniploidy is the normal sperm or egg (N, 23 chromosome)

57
Q

Babinski reflex is ……

A

flexion of the big toe & fanning of the other toes. Indicates a neurological damage
* Normal in children, abnormal in adults

58
Q

The superior laryngeal artery is accompanied by ….

A

the internal laryngeal nerve (they both pass through the cricothyroid membrane)

59
Q

Lower motor neuron lesions lead to …….

A

atrophy of the muscle supplied

60
Q

The uncus is ……

A

medial protrusion of the parahippocampal gyrus (on ventral surface of temporal lobe)
* The amygdala lies laterally to the uncus

61
Q

The intermediate nerve carries ….

A

sensory & parasymp. fibers of the facial nerve

* Joins the motor root in the geniculate ganglion

62
Q

Gastroschisis is ……..

A

protrusion of the gut through a defect in the abdominal wall due to defect in fusion during lateral folding

63
Q

The femoral triangle is formed by ……

A

the inguinal ligament (sup.), adductor longus (medially), santorius (laterally)

  • Floor formed by pectinus muscle
  • Contents (medial to lateral) is V - A - N
64
Q

Pedundal N. is ……

A

branch of the sacral plexus. Supply the external genitalia, external anal sphincter & the bladder
* Motor & sensory (orgasm)

65
Q

Primary cleft palate is located ……. due to …….

A

anterior to the incisive foramen

  • caused by failure of fusion of primary (median palatine) palate to the secondary (lateral palatine) palate
  • Secondary occurs posterior to incisive foramen
    • Testlet 18 anatomy
66
Q

The cavernous sinus contents are …….

A
  • Center: ICA & Cn 6

* Lateral wall (top to bottom): Cn 3,4,2,V2

67
Q

The pterygoid venous plexus is located between ……..

A

Lateral pterygoid & temporalis muscles

68
Q

Acidophils of the pituitary gland secretes …….

A

GH

* Other cells of pituitary are basophils & chromophobes

69
Q

Describe the ductal system of the parotid gland

A

Granular serous cells release their secretion into the intercalated ducts
Secretion then travels from intercalated to striated ducts. Here, the ionic concentration is established
* Note: Serous demilunes are only found in the submandibular gland (they surround the mucous acini)

70
Q

A patient losing the ability to swallow indicates damage to ……… nerve

A

glossopharyngeal

71
Q

The muscle attaches to a tendon through …..

A

continuity of connective tissue sheaths of the muscle with those of the tendon

72
Q

What are the types of collagen fibers in the PDL?

A

Type I & III

73
Q

What are the arteries comprising the Kisselbach plexus??

A

Sphenopalatine A
Lateral Nasal A
Superior labial A
Ant. ethmoidal A. of ICA

74
Q

The greater petrosal N is a branch of ……

A

VII

75
Q

Lymph vessels of the neck is located within …… layer

A

subcutaneous fascia (superficial fascia)

76
Q

What are the types of synarthroses ???

A
  1. Syndesmosis: between radius & ulna, and sutures of growing skull, later converted to —>
  2. Synostoses: bones united by bone tissue
  3. Synchondrosis: bones united by hyaline cartilage, like epiphyseal plate
  4. Symphysis: combo of hyaline & fibrocartilage (intervertebral discs & pubis)
77
Q

The vertebrae not containing a intervertebral disk are ….

A

between C1 & C2

78
Q

The frontal bone is formed as …….

A

paired bone that fuses later

79
Q

The nerve plexus of Rashkow is located in ……

A

cell free zone (of Weil)

80
Q

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is …..

A

a lesion of the MLF

* Question 33 anatomy F.A

81
Q

Circle of Willis include ……

A

ICA
Ant cerebral A
Post cerebral A
Ant & Post communicating arteries

82
Q

The inf. orbital fissure is formed between ……

A

the maxilla & the sphenoid bone

83
Q

Which gland opens by the way of Rivian’s duct?

A

sublingual salivary gland

84
Q

Control for eccrine glands is …….., while for the apocrine is ……..

A

cholinergic

adrenergic

85
Q

The carotid sheath is located ……. to the thyroid gland

A

posterior

* Also, the sheath is anterior the the scalene muscles, & medial to the SCM muscle

86
Q

The vestibulo-occular reflex is ….

A

done with cold & warm water to elicit nystagmus
(COWS = cold opposite, warm same)
* Cn. VIII is involved, as the nystagmus is due to activation of the semicircular canals in inner ear

87
Q

Sphincter of Boyden is located at ……

A

the common bile duct (junction of pancreatic duct & bile duct)

88
Q

As the dentin ages, there is an increase in the deposition of ……..

A

peritubular dentin

* Note: dead tracts don’t change in size!

89
Q

………. is the most produced form of intertubular dentin

A

circumpulpal dentin

90
Q

Vitamin D is produced in ……… layers of the skin

A

Stratum basale & spinosum (epidermis)

91
Q

Parafollicular cells secrete …… while follicular cells secrete ……..

A
  • Calcitonin (AKA C cells, NCC origin)

* T4 & T3 (endodermal origin)

92
Q

When performing IAN injection, the needle passes ……..

A

the mucous membrane, the buccinator, and then would lie lateral to the medial pterygoid.
* The ptergomandibular raphe lies posterior to the target mand. foramen

93
Q

The function of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx is ……

A

pull the pharynx upward to seal the nasopharynx

94
Q

The first pharyngeal arch contributes to the tongue …….

A

a medial swelling (tuberculum impar) & two lateral swellings

95
Q

The two medial nasal processes fuse in the midline to give rise ……

A

to intermaxillary process

96
Q

Foramen lacerum transmits ……..

A

part of the ICA

97
Q

Palatovaginal canal (or pharyngeal) transmits …..

A

pharyngeal nerve & artery

* Connects the roof of the nasopharynx to the pterygopalatine fossa

98
Q

The pterygomaxillary fissure is formed by ……, and connects ……..

A

the maxilla & pterygoid plate of sphenoid

* connects the infratemporal with the pterygopalatine fossa

99
Q

The nucleolus is …….. bound structure

A

non membrane

100
Q

The muscle responsible for elevating & protruding the lower lip is ……..

A

mentalis

* arises from the incisive fossa of the mandible

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions