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Pathology II > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

1
Q

Sx:
* Dry (neurologic)
o Pins & needles in extremities

A

Beriberi

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1
Q

Results from a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B1). Thiamine promotes carbohydrate metabolism, growth, maintains muscle tone & heart function.

A

Beriberi

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2
Q

Sx:
* Wet (cardiologic)
o SOB
o Tachycardia
o Swelling

A

Beriberi

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3
Q

Appearance:
* CHF & generalized edema

A

Beriberi

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4
Q

Tx:
* Modify diet
* Take supplements

A

Beriberi

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5
Q

Results from a deficiency in niacin (vitamin B3). Niacin helps the body to complete the cellular process by which nutrients & oxygen reach the cells.

A

Pellagra

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6
Q
  • Skin reddening & scaling
  • Mental disorders
  • Dermatitis
  • Diarrhea
  • Dementia
  • Death
A

Pellagra

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7
Q

4Ds

A

Pellagra

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8
Q

Chronic alcoholics, diets high in corn, malnourishment

A

Pellagra

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9
Q

Results from a deficiency in ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Supporting tissues are unable to produce & maintain vascular endothelium. Weakening of capillary walls provides opening for bacteria to enter & cause necrosis.

A

Scurvy

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10
Q

Sx:
* Anemia
* Bleeding in gums, joints, skin & internal organs

A

Scurvy

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11
Q

Appearance:
* Best viewed in long bones

A

Scurvy

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12
Q

Results from a deficiency in Vitamin D. Characterized by a decreased absorption of Calcium, resulting in softening of bones.

A

Rickets

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13
Q

People who are lactose intolerant. Osetomalcia in adults

A

Rickets

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14
Q

Excess of adipose tissue (fat) that develops due to increased caloric intake. Can be the result of overeating or lack of activity. Can also be caused by conditions such as hypothyroidism, Cushing’ s disease, insulinoma, & hypothalamic disorders.

A

Obesity

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15
Q

Sx:
* Excess fat

A

Obesity

16
Q

Appearance:
* Displacement of abdominal structures
* Elevated diaphragm
* Widened mediastinum

A

Obesity

17
Q

Tx:
* Weight management
* Nutritional counseling
* Behavioral therapy
* Dietary drugs
* Increased activity.
* Surgery for morbid obesity

A

Obesity

18
Q

Age, economic status, diet, knowledge. 70% are obese or overweight

A

Obesity

19
Q

Connective tissue disorder that primarily affects young or middle aged women. Highly variable presentation; hard to diagnose.

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

20
Q

Sx:
* Butterfly-shaped rash over the nose & cheeks
* Extreme sensitivity to sunlight

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

21
Q

Appearance:
* Subluxation/malalignment of joints
* Pleural effusions
* Enlarged cardiac shadow

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

22
Q

Tx:
* Anti-inflammatory drugs
* Corticosteroids

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

23
Q

”Wolf bite” Hard to diagnose.

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

24
Q

Extremely malignant skin cancer, that readily metastasizes throughout the body. It develops from a benign mole (nevus).

A

Melanoma

25
Q

Sx:
* Color changes in mole, itchy, sore

A

Melanoma

26
Q

Appearance:
* Well-circumscribed, round, or oval nodules.
* Lung nodules
* Bone lesions

A

Melanoma

27
Q

Tx:
* Prevention * best thing, wear sunscreen.
* Surgery – Mohs procedure
* Chemotherapy

A

Melanoma

28
Q

Most deadly. Very malignant, metastasizes very fast. Red/blonde hair. Blue/green eyes, sun sensitive skin, rarely burns or tans. 50 or more moles. Not as much melanin. UV radiation is causing. E for evolving. Seen in GI tract

A

Melanoma

29
Q

Group of chronic inherited conditions in which fat replaces muscle. Leads to generalized weakness & death due to failure of respiratory muscles.

A

Muscular Dystrophy

30
Q

Sx:
* Muscle weakness
* Mental retardation
* Death

A

Muscular Dystrophy

31
Q

Appearance:
* Extremities- fine striated (striped) appearance of the muscle bundles
* Fine density/ thin shadow at the edges of muscle bundles

A

Muscular Dystrophy

32
Q

Tx:
No known cure.

A

Muscular Dystrophy

33
Q

The most common trisomy (trisomy 21) disorder.

A

Down’s Syndrome- AKA mongolism.

34
Q

Disorder characterized by: small testes that fail to mature. Individual appears male, but has 2 X chromosomes.

A

Klinefelter’s Syndrome (testicular dysgenesis)

35
Q

Characterized by: primary amenorrhea (no ovulation or menstruation). Individual appears female but has only one x chromosome. This person is just X.

A

Turner’s Syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis)

36
Q

Inherited genetic disorder of connective tissue.
Really tall, slender, have long arms, legs, digits. Loose jts, double jointed, dislocation of jts that reoccur.
Thumb sign, seen beyond the ulnar border, Wrist sign 5th digit and thumb to see if there is overlap. Vision issues.

A

Marfan’s Syndrome

37
Q

Inborn error of metabolism in which the individual cannot convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Can cause profound retardation if not diagnosed.
Phen plays role in melanin, can build up in blood, which can affect nervous system.
Appear normal, then 6 month they lose interest .By 1
Hyperactivity seizures.
Foods high in PKU, extra protein, milk, cheese, meats, nuts. Strict diet.

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Pathology II (9 decks)

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