Misc

Question 1

Sx:
* Dry (neurologic)
o Pins & needles in extremities

Answer 1

Beriberi

Question 1

Results from a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B1). Thiamine promotes carbohydrate metabolism, growth, maintains muscle tone & heart function.

Answer 1

Beriberi

Question 2

Sx:
* Wet (cardiologic)
o SOB
o Tachycardia
o Swelling

Answer 2

Beriberi

Question 3

Appearance:
* CHF & generalized edema

Answer 3

Beriberi

Question 4

Tx:
* Modify diet
* Take supplements

Answer 4

Beriberi

Question 5

Results from a deficiency in niacin (vitamin B3). Niacin helps the body to complete the cellular process by which nutrients & oxygen reach the cells.

Answer 5

Pellagra

Question 6

• Skin reddening & scaling
• Mental disorders
• Dermatitis
• Diarrhea
• Dementia
• Death

Answer 6

Pellagra

Question 7

4Ds

Answer 7

Pellagra

Question 8

Chronic alcoholics, diets high in corn, malnourishment

Answer 8

Pellagra

Question 9

Results from a deficiency in ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Supporting tissues are unable to produce & maintain vascular endothelium. Weakening of capillary walls provides opening for bacteria to enter & cause necrosis.

Answer 9

Scurvy

Question 10

Sx:
* Anemia
* Bleeding in gums, joints, skin & internal organs

Answer 10

Scurvy

Question 11

Appearance:
* Best viewed in long bones

Answer 11

Scurvy

Question 12

Results from a deficiency in Vitamin D. Characterized by a decreased absorption of Calcium, resulting in softening of bones.

Answer 12

Rickets

Question 13

People who are lactose intolerant. Osetomalcia in adults

Answer 13

Rickets

Question 14

Excess of adipose tissue (fat) that develops due to increased caloric intake. Can be the result of overeating or lack of activity. Can also be caused by conditions such as hypothyroidism, Cushing’ s disease, insulinoma, & hypothalamic disorders.

Answer 14

Obesity

Question 15

Sx:
* Excess fat

Answer 15

Obesity

Question 16

Appearance:
* Displacement of abdominal structures
* Elevated diaphragm
* Widened mediastinum

Answer 16

Obesity

Question 17

Tx:
* Weight management
* Nutritional counseling
* Behavioral therapy
* Dietary drugs
* Increased activity.
* Surgery for morbid obesity

Answer 17

Obesity

Question 18

Age, economic status, diet, knowledge. 70% are obese or overweight

Answer 18

Obesity

Question 19

Connective tissue disorder that primarily affects young or middle aged women. Highly variable presentation; hard to diagnose.

Answer 19

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 20

Sx:
* Butterfly-shaped rash over the nose & cheeks
* Extreme sensitivity to sunlight

Answer 20

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 21

Appearance:
* Subluxation/malalignment of joints
* Pleural effusions
* Enlarged cardiac shadow

Answer 21

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 22

Tx:
* Anti-inflammatory drugs
* Corticosteroids

Answer 22

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 23

”Wolf bite” Hard to diagnose.

Answer 23

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Question 24

Extremely malignant skin cancer, that readily metastasizes throughout the body. It develops from a benign mole (nevus).

Answer 24

Melanoma

Question 25

Sx:
* Color changes in mole, itchy, sore

Answer 25

Melanoma

Question 26

Appearance:
* Well-circumscribed, round, or oval nodules.
* Lung nodules
* Bone lesions

Answer 26

Melanoma

Question 27

Tx:
* Prevention * best thing, wear sunscreen.
* Surgery – Mohs procedure
* Chemotherapy

Answer 27

Melanoma

Question 28

Most deadly. Very malignant, metastasizes very fast. Red/blonde hair. Blue/green eyes, sun sensitive skin, rarely burns or tans. 50 or more moles. Not as much melanin. UV radiation is causing. E for evolving. Seen in GI tract

Answer 28

Melanoma

Question 29

Group of chronic inherited conditions in which fat replaces muscle. Leads to generalized weakness & death due to failure of respiratory muscles.

Answer 29

Muscular Dystrophy

Question 30

Sx:
* Muscle weakness
* Mental retardation
* Death

Answer 30

Muscular Dystrophy

Question 31

Appearance:
* Extremities- fine striated (striped) appearance of the muscle bundles
* Fine density/ thin shadow at the edges of muscle bundles

Answer 31

Muscular Dystrophy

Question 32

Tx:
No known cure.

Answer 32

Muscular Dystrophy

Question 33

The most common trisomy (trisomy 21) disorder.

Answer 33

Down’s Syndrome- AKA mongolism.

Question 34

Disorder characterized by: small testes that fail to mature. Individual appears male, but has 2 X chromosomes.

Answer 34

Klinefelter’s Syndrome (testicular dysgenesis)

Question 35

Characterized by: primary amenorrhea (no ovulation or menstruation). Individual appears female but has only one x chromosome. This person is just X.

Answer 35

Turner’s Syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis)

Question 36

Inherited genetic disorder of connective tissue.
Really tall, slender, have long arms, legs, digits. Loose jts, double jointed, dislocation of jts that reoccur.
Thumb sign, seen beyond the ulnar border, Wrist sign 5th digit and thumb to see if there is overlap. Vision issues.

Answer 36

Marfan’s Syndrome

Question 37

Inborn error of metabolism in which the individual cannot convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Can cause profound retardation if not diagnosed.
Phen plays role in melanin, can build up in blood, which can affect nervous system.
Appear normal, then 6 month they lose interest .By 1
Hyperactivity seizures.
Foods high in PKU, extra protein, milk, cheese, meats, nuts. Strict diet.

Answer 37

Phenylketonuria (PKU)