Chapter 10 - Endocrine Flashcards
Produces hormones that control many
functions of other endocrine glands;
“master gland”.
Pituitary gland
Produces hormones that
regulate metabolism,
help maintain normal
blood pressure, heart
rate, digestion, muscle
tone, and reproductive
functions
Thyroid gland
Produces hormones that
play a role in regulating
calcium levels in the
blood and bone
metabolism
Parathyroid gland
Cortex (outer layer)- produces
corticosteroids, which regulate the
body’s metabolism, salt/ water balance,
the immune system, and sexual function.
Adrenal gland
cortex
layer?
outer layer
Medulla (inner layer)- produces
hormones, which help the body cope
with physical/ emotional stress by
increasing the heart rate/ blood pressure
(fight or flight hormones).
Adrenal gland
medulla
inner layer
Produces a hormone which helps regulate thewake-sleep cycle of the body
Pineal gland
Produces hormones that regulate the level
of glucose (sugar) in the blood
Pancreas
this system regulates hormone levels in the
body. When the body detects that an
adequate level of hormone is in the body
it stops the production of more
hormone.
Negative Feedback mechanism
Dysfunction of the adrenal cortex which leads to an excess production of glucocorticoids.
Cushing’s Syndrome
Sx:
* Moon-shaped face
* Reddened skin characteristics
* Fat pads behind the shoulder (Buffalo hump)
* Obesity
* Hypertension
* Too much or too little sex hormone (facial hair on female)
Cushing’s Syndrome
- CT/ MRI/ US- Enlargement of the adrenal glands or tumor. CT shows thickening of the wings.
- Radiographs:
o Osteoporosis
o Aseptic necrosis (head of humerus or femur)
o Adrenal tumors
Cushing’s Syndrome
A tumor commonly arising in the adrenal medulla. Produces an excess of epinephrine & norepinephrine.
Pheochromocytoma
- Hypertension
- Rapid heart rate
- Sweating
- Abdominal pain
Pheochromocytoma
Surgical removal
Pheochromocytoma
- CT/ US: most frequently used to localize the tumor- appear as oval masses
Pheochromocytoma
A tumor originating in the adrenal medulla. (Affects children more than adults)
Neuroblastoma
Sx:
* Fever
* Malaise
* Pain
Neuroblastoma
- Calcification of the adrenal medulla takes on a fine, granular appearance.
- IVU: Downward displacement of the affected kidney
- US/ CT/MRI- mass effect
Neuroblastoma
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
Neuroblastoma
US is modality of choice
Neuroblastoma
Has a good prognosis.
Neuroblastoma
Excess secretion of growth hormone that is produced by either a tumor or an enlarged anterior lobe.
Hyperpituitarism
