Minor organs

Question 1

Hypoglycemic

Answer 1

• Low blood pressure (80% or below)

The alpha cells from the pancreas release a hormone called glucagon into the blood.
The liver takes the blood from that hormone. Breaks down glycogen into glucose, which then gets released into the blood.
- Blood sugar levels rise to a set point and the glucagon diminishes.

Question 2

Hyperglycemic

Answer 2

120mg% above - Beta cells from the pancreas stimulate the release of insulin into the blood.
The liver takes up the glucose and stores it as glycogen.
The body take up even more glucose so then the blood sugar declines to a set point and diminishes insulin (release)

Question 3

Salivary glands

Answer 3

1. Parotid glands secrete a watery fluid that contains salivary amylase (enyzme)
2. Buccal glands - secrete mucus

Question 4

What our ducts function in the mouth

Answer 4

Small opening that allow saliva from the parotid glands into the mouth

Question 5

Pancreas

Answer 5

• Behind the stomach, extends laterally from the sides of the duodenum.
  The pancreas secretes a number of substances that are essential to the digestive process

Question 6

How does the bicarbonate from the pancreas neutralize the chyme

Answer 6

Chyme enters the small intestine , and it is very acid (ph of 2.5)
- This stimulates a hormone called secretin (from the walls of the duodenum)
- Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions, and these bicarbonate ions neutralize the chyme. Making it from 2.5 - 9 Ph

Question 7

Liver

Answer 7

2nd largest organ in the body after the skin
- Produces and secretes bile

Functions:
- Regulate body metabolism
- After absorption, all the blood flows through the liver and the liver takes away the nutrients and toxins from the blood, it allows the nutrients to continue the basic digestive function but it destroys the toxins.

Question 8

Catalase

Answer 8

Is an enzyme in the liver that breaks down toxins - breaks down alcohol and drugs via oxidation an ethanol

Question 9

Gallbladder

Answer 9

Located under the right lobe of the liver
- Stores and concentrates the bile that is released from the liver to the gallbladder

Question 10

Digestion of fats in the gallbladder

Answer 10

Fat in the duodenum - endocrine cells in the duodenum release a hormone called CCK into the blood - causing the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum - causing the stomach to slow down the digestion so the small intestine can be more effective.

Question 11

Bile

Answer 11

Breaks down fats
- It is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
- enters the intestine through ducts

Question 12

What does bile contain

Answer 12

• Bile salts - Phospholipids - bile acids - cholesterol - fatty acids - water

Question 13

How do gallstones happen

Answer 13

Appear when bile stored in the gallbladder hardens into rock material and this is caused by too much cholesterol in the body,