6 Nutrients

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

• Break down starches into glucose
• Glucose is our main energy source for the body
• Store energy
• Spare protein (for tissue and muscle repair)
• Excess of Carbs are stored as glycogen in the live and the muscles and can also be stored as fat.

Question 2

3 types of carbs

Answer 2

Monosaccharide:
- Just 1 glycogen
- Consists of one single sugar molecule (glucose and fructose)
- The glucose is used for cellular respiration, to provide energy for the cellular process.

Disaccharide:
- Two simple sugars joined together
- Consists of lactose and sucrose

Polysaccharide:
- More then 2 simple sugars (complex carbs)
- starches and cellulose
- Cellulose makes up plant cell walls.
Plants use carbs as an energy source and create complex structures for example cellulose provides a structure for the plants.

Question 3

Protein

Answer 3

• Key building blocks in our body
• Used to build muscle, help with antibodies and hormones, transport oxygen in the hemoglobin
• Our body needs 20 amino acids but it only contains about 8 so this means that we get our remainder amino acids (12) from the protein we eat.
• Amino acids are joined together by peptid and bonds.
• All living things need amino acids to produce protein.

Question 4

Lipids

Answer 4

• Twice as much energy as protein and carbs
• Help in the absorption of vitamins
• Main component of cell membranes
• Serve as insulation for the body
• Protect the organs and joints
• Surround nerve cells to increase the speed of nerve impulses
• Fats and oils are made up of 3 fatty acids bonded together to a glycerol molecule (triglyceride)

Question 5

Saturated vs. unsaturated fat

Answer 5

Saturated:
- Solid at room temperature because there are no kinks in the fat chain, so they are packed together

Unsaturated:
- Oils - liquid form because there is a kink in the chain which causes them to be loose and not packed together

Question 6

Water

Answer 6

The body is made up of 55% - 60% of water
- The body needs water from chemical reactions, digestion, and to elimination of waste products from the body.
- Water is the liquid form of blood (plasma) and it maintains blood volume regulates temperature and keeps the skin moist.
- Forms saliva
- Flushes body waste
- Allows body cells to grow reproduce and survive.
- Helps deliver oxygen all over the body .

Question 7

Vitamins

Answer 7

Contain oxygen, carbon hydrogen, nitrogen, and other minerals
* Regulate cell functions, growth, and development in the body

2 types of vitamines:

Fat soluble:
* Stored in fatty tissues for later use and can not be eliminated
- Includes vitamine A, E, D, K

Water soluble:
* Cannot be stored in the body, are easily excreted in urine and sweat
* The body has to gain them from the diet
Incluedes vitamin B and C

Question 8

Minerals

Answer 8

Used for metabolic functions and build and repair tissues

Functions:
- Iron in the hemoglobin
- Calcium in bone and teeth
- Excess minerals are excreated through urine and sweat.