Minerals Flashcards
Which step in muscular contraction is Ca-dependent
when myosin head attaches to actin filament, causing release of phosphate
when does malignant hyperthermia occur?
when muscles release excess Ca
What is the drug treatment of malignant hyperthermia
dantrolene
What are the toxicity symptoms of Ca overdose
constipation
kidney stones
interference with absorption of other minerals
What are the functions of phosphorus
most kinase use phosphorus
component of DNA, RNA, ATP
fertiliser
What are the four ways of getting phosphorus deficiency?
malnutrition
failure to absorb
excess excretion
re-feeding after malnutrition
From which macronutrient can sulphur be derived from?
amino acids methionine and cysteine
T/F hair contains a lot of sulphur
True, the disulphide bonds between filaments of keratin lock the curl into hair
What’s the role of chloride in the body?
it is a counter ion, providing fluid balance
part of hydrochloric acid
What’s the role of magnesium in the body
bone mineralisation
involved in enzyme systems
muscle contraction, nerve impulses, immune system
What is a good source of magnesium?
dark green vegetable
What is epsom salt?
it’s MgSO4, and a quick laxative
Is magnesium supplement useful?
Yes, it is useful in relieving muscle cramps
What is pica?
the urge to eat dirt (esp in children lacking iron)
What’s the most important condition of iron deficiency?
microcystic anaemia
Why should iron supplement be formulated with vitamin C
Vit C revert Iron 3+ to 2+. Body can only use 2+
How does hereditary hemochrmatosis occur?
genetic lack of iron carrying and storing proteins
What is the function of zinc?
part of enzymes like insulin
making proteins and genetic material
immune reaction
normal development of foetus
What is the best source of zinc
oysters
What is the function of copper?
it’s the final electron receptor
absorption of iron + formation of haemoglobin
What kind of anaemia do you get with copper deficiency?
microcytic, because of impaired iron absorption
What’s Menke’s disease?
mutation of ATP7A, so iron can be stored but not released, leading to copper deficiency
What’s Wilson’s disease?
high serum copper + copper toxicity from overactive ATP7A
What’s the classic symptom of Wilson’s disease?
coloured ring around the cornea
What’s the function of manganese?
plants - splits water to free oxygen for photosynthesis
human - cofactor for several enzymes + bone formation
what’s the primary function of selenium?
anti-oxidant + thyroid hormone formation (with iodine)
What is the function of chromium?
enhances insulin action
What is the function of molybdenum
cofactor for enzymes
What is the function of fluoride?
maintains health of bones and teeth
