Autoimmune Insulin Dependent Diabetes

Question 1

How can we diagnose autoimmune disease with drugs?

Answer 1

Use immunosuppressive drugs. If the symptoms improve, then it is autoummune

Question 2

When is the best time to treat diabetes type I

Answer 2

during the pre-clinical period, where there is immunologic abnormalities but normal insulin release. However, not many people are diagnosed at this stage

Question 3

T/F Risk of type I diabetes is already high with one autoantibody

Answer 3

False, but it goes up significantly with two autoantibodies

Question 4

What does a type I diabetes pancreas look like under the microscope/histology?

Answer 4

lymphocyte infiltration
reduced staining for insulin
normal islet hormone secretion
only beta cells are affected

Question 5

Which cell causes the most damage to insulin beta cells in diabetes

Answer 5

CD8+ cells with perforin and granzymes

Question 6

What is AIRE gene important for?

Answer 6

central tolerance

Question 7

What is FOXP3 gene important for?

Answer 7

Treg cells

Question 8

What are the MLC haplotypes linked to type 1 diabetes?

Answer 8

HLA-DR3, DR4, DQ8

Question 9

Which region does the T cells recognise on the beta cell?

Answer 9

the C-peptide region in the context of DQ8

Question 10

What is the disadvantage of using insulin as a treatment for diabetes?

Answer 10

incapable to mimic physiological glucose control

uniquely burdensome