Migration - Brazil, EDC

Question 1

background on Brazil

Answer 1

• GDP in 2014 = US$5823
• services 69%, industry 25%, agriculture 6% of GDP
• declining crude brith rate + ageing population
• stable + democratic political system
• is a member of Mercosur, G20, OCED + BRICS group of emerging economies

Question 2

Brazil’s migration patterns

NIII

Answer 2

• a net migration loss 2010-2014 of 190,000
• increased migration between Brazil -> Mercosur members + Chile + Andean
• increased emigration of highly skilled workers to Europe, USA + Japan
• influx of migrants from Haiti

Question 3

impact on social equality

Answer 3

• UNESCO -> inequalities between different ethnic groups eg housing provision, access to services, education attainment + income
• prejudice + discrimination in labour market esp against black + indigenous pop.

Question 4

impact on political stability

Answer 4

• stable political relations between Brazil + countries with which it has significant bilateral migrant flows esp USA, Japan + Portugal
• membership of Mercosur has helped integration + promotion of political stability in South America

Question 5

impact on economic development

Answer 5

• immigration from Japan, Portugal etc have = growth in agriculture + manufacturing sectors
• recent arrivals of highly skilled professionals with employment contracts = innovation + reducing gaps in layout market
• emigration to USA, Japan etc = migrant remittances used by families in housing improvements, education
  (US$2.4 billion 2014 which is 0.1% of GDP)

Question 6

what economic migration has always been particularly high?

Answer 6

paraguay + argentina

Question 7

what has immigration done in the last 15 yrs?

Answer 7

slowed, 80,000 fewer than the start of the century

Question 8

what has happened to emigration in the last 15 yrs?

Answer 8

increased, 2013 1.77 mill Brazilians lived abroad

Question 9

what country does Brazil have a long-standing bilateral relationship?

Answer 9

Portugal

Question 10

why does Portugal still give special status to Brazilian migrants?

Answer 10

bc Brazil was a former colony of Portugal

Question 11

why is Portugal a gateway for economic migrants to the EU?

Answer 11

shared language + ancestry + families ties

Question 12

why is migration to the US important to Brazil?

Answer 12

many 1000s of low skilled economic migrants can remit significant monies while returning migrants have acquired skills + knowledge can contribute to Brazilian development

Question 13

where are Brazilian migrants finding opportunities to work in USA?

Answer 13

service sector eg education + teacher training

Question 14

what is the role of USAID?

Answer 14

this is what Brazil gets in return from USA

• practical help eg training
• xavante indigenous people get to help to protect tribal land from forest fire
• assisting Brazil govt in designing + implementing laws concerning forest governance

Question 15

what reduces Haitian immigrants vulnerability?

Answer 15

• national immigration council for Brazil -> make it easier to obtain visas for Haitians -> benefit bc 2010 earthquake displaced 1.5 mill
• reduces vulnerability from trafficking

Question 16

what did the Haitian immigrants in Brazil grow from and to?

Answer 16

1681 in 2010 -> 11,072 in 2013

Question 17

why is immigration from Haiti increasing?

PUPPAG

Answer 17

• politcal instability
• unemployment
• poverty
• poor access to education
• appalling human rights records
• gender based violence