Afghanistan - strategies for GG of HR

Question 1

Afghanistan background

Answer 1

• landlocked, largely mountainous
• poor, held back development bc of political instability
• 2013, HDI = 0.468
• IMR = 117/1000
• 65% of pop live on less than US$2 per day
• 80% work in agriculture

Question 2

what has led to continued violation of HR?

Answer 2

Taliban

Question 3

how many troops remain to train afghan military?

Answer 3

10,000

Question 4

what was the situation in 2016?

Answer 4

attacks continue despite negotiations w Taliban + they will not stop until all foreign troops have left the country

Question 5

how are HR rights being violated further?

Answer 5

• increased casualties among afghan security forces + civilians
• domestic violence towards women
• disruption of 2014 presidential election
• attacks on journalists
• issue of food security -> poppy cultivation, heroin production

Question 6

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA)

Answer 6

• established by security council in 2002 to achieve sustainable peace + development
• they interact with Afghan govt + NGOs to strengthen the work of the Afghanistan independent HR commission

Question 7

what are the aims of UNAMA?

Answer 7

• promote respect for international humanitarian + HR laws
• implement freedoms + HR provisions in the Afghan constitution
• achieve full employment of their rights for women + displaced persons (750,000 displaced)

Question 8

what have the Afghan govt joined?

Answer 8

Economic Cooperation Organisation + South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
-> to help promote economic growth

Question 9

what laws have been passed?

Answer 9

• law on the duties + structure of the independent elections commission to help improved democratic process
• elimination of violence against women law 2009

Question 10

Afghan Aid

Answer 10

• NGO
• involved in sustainable rural development strategies -> coordinates w UN
• trying to provide aid for Ghor -> transformed lives of many communities

Question 11

Rural Project Ghor

Answer 11

issues: poverty, insecure, basic rights neglected eg gender inequality, the selling of daughters, limited access to services

impact of GG: Afghan Aid + EU Funding = have introduced more effective, agricultural practices, reduced risk of disease, local women are now more integrated in society + local democratic practices have been strengthened

Question 12

Urban Project Kabul

Answer 12

issues: denial of basic HR has deprived many communities of many services

impact of GG: UN habitat are working towards the creation of Community development councils -> locally elected, plans to upgrade housing, improve sanitation, health care, education

Question 13

consequences of GG

Answer 13

• 2014 nearly 6 mill children were attending school (up from 1 mill in 2001)
• access to primary healthcare has increased to over 50% of the population (up from 9% in 2001)
• avg life expectancy 61 (up from 55 in 2001)