Migraine and Headaches Flashcards
What is a primary headache?
Where there is no clear cause of a headache, in the absence of physical signs
What is a secondary headache?
Where there is presence of physical signs
What are the main types of primary headache?
Tension-type, cluster and migraine
What is a tension-type headache?
Band-like, bilateral pain which may radiate to the neck and shoulders
What is a cluster headache?
An episodic form of headache
What is an ‘aura’ of a migraine?
Often involves visual symptoms with gradual development, usually resolving before the headache
How may genetics be associated with migraines?
Inheritance of ‘excitable brains’ and/or heightened senses or reduced migraine threshold
What is the pathogenesis behind the formation of an ‘aura’
Swollen meningeal arteries release inflammatory neuropeptides –> infallamtion –> activation of nerves –> pain signals to trigeminal ganglion –> transmits pain impulses to trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) in the brainstem –> central sensitisation of TNC prolongs attack (allodynia) –> pain relayed to thalamus –> cerebral cortex –> experience of pain
What is responsible for the throbbing pain of headache?
Peripheral sensitisation of the trigeminal nerve (ganglion)
What are the five stages of migraine?
Premonitory (heightened perception and food craving), aura, headache, resolution, recovery
