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BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR 2 > Anxiety > Flashcards

Anxiety Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What is nacrolepsy?

A

A condition that is characterised by excessive sleepiness; increased frequency of falling asleep in the daytime

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2
Q

Which brain structure controls the circadian rhythm of the sleep-wake cycle?

A

The suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus

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3
Q

Which neuronal systems are involved in wakefulness?

A

Cholinergic (ACh) and monaminergic (dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin) neurones

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4
Q

Which neuronal systems are involved in sleep?

A

GABA and galanin neurones

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5
Q

How long is the average sleep cycle?

A

90 minutes

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6
Q

What is REM sleep?

A

Rapid eye movement phase of sleep

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7
Q

What is NREM sleep?

A

Non-rapid eye movement phase

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8
Q

What is SWS sleep?

A

Slow wave sleep

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9
Q

What is transient insomnia?

A

Jet leg etc.

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10
Q

Whatis short-term insomnia?

A

Generally associated with illness, bereavement or stress

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11
Q

What is chronic insomnia?

A

Where the insomnia lasts longer than 3 weeks

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12
Q

What is the target for treating insomnia?

A

The GABAa receptor

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13
Q

What drugs may be used to treat insomnia?

A

Benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, orexin antagonists

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14
Q

What is the orexin (hypocretin) system?

A

Orexins are produced in the hypothalamus (orexin A and orexin B) and these work to regulate arousal and appetite by acting on OX-1 and OX-2 receptors

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15
Q

How may orexin dysfunction lead to narcolepsy?

A

If there is insufficient orexins, then arousal won’t be stimulated via action of OX-1 and OX-2 receptors leading to excessive drowsiness

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16
Q

What drugs may be used to treat generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Serotonin receptor agonists, SNRI, SSRI

17
Q

What brain structure is mainly associated with anxiety?

A

Hyperactivity of the limbic structures such as the amygdala and this is matched with an inability of the higher cortical structures to control this hyperactivity

18
Q

What genes are associated with panic disorder?

A

COMT, CCK, MAOA, 5-HT2 receptor

19
Q

What problems may arise with benzodiazepine use in the elderly?

A

Risk of falls, daytime drowsiness, amnesia, respiratory problems, abuse, dependence

20
Q

What neurotransmitters are implicated in anxiety?

A

Monoaminergic and GABAergic systems

BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR 2 (31 decks)

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